Running programs set goals for you.（  ）

阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了1个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

Farms Appear in Cities 

     When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. 

     It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.
     Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.
     Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.
     But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.
     That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.（ ）

阅读判断
下面的短文后刊出了1个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 

Farms Appear in Cities 

      When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. 

     It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.
     Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.
     Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.
     But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.
     That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.（ ）

     Running is good to people' s body and mind.（ ）

​

阅读判断
下面的短文后刊出了1个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 

Farms Appear in Cities 

     When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. 

     It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.
     Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.
     Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.
     But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.
     That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.（ ）

阅读判断 

下面的短文后给出了10个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。                                                                                      

阅读判断
下面的短文后刊出了1个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 

Farms Appear in Cities 

     When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. 

     It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.
     Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.
     Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.
     But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.
     That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created. 

The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.（ ）

阅读判断：
下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 

阅读判断 
下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

      How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.
     The power of words, then, lies in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.
     Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary（文字的）style. Above all, the real poet is master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.

     You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run.
     One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy, it requires discipline and concentration.
     Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly.
     How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help you find some in your area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.
     Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it.
     Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent.
     If you're looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you.

You should go for a run every day.（ ）

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     With technological advances, the first half of the twentieth century saw a movement of workers away from agricultural to industrial production. The second half saw a movement from industrial production to services. So far, technological advances have not reduced our need for service workers. But what would happen if advances in artificial intelligence (AI) should greatly increase the productivity of service workers, as suggested by the following scene?
     Andrea calls the doctor's office with a medical concern. The doctor's automated telephone system, in a friendly and personal voice, asks her a series of questions. Based on Andrea's answers and in consultation with her insurer's claim system, the doctor's system directs her to a neighborhood lab for tests. At the lab, another automated system performs the prescribed tests, makes a diagnosis, and provides the appropriate medication, all while in contact with Andrea's insurer. As the service is completed, the insurer pays the cost of the service. Andrea signs for any co-payment, to be paid automatically from her bank account. Heading home, Andrea was happily spared from long waits and a hurried contact with the doctor.
     To anticipate the realization of such a scene and its timing, we should watch the industries with the most potential for early application of AI. These would be where services are already provided at a distance (airline reservations were an early example). Once widespread in these industries, AI will have built the necessary level of trust and acceptance to move into more and more service industries.
     The critical issue now is that such changes could lead to considerable reduction in service jobs at a time when people will want to (or need to) work longer. Services in the first half of the twenty-first century might thus resemble manufacturing in the second half of the twentieth century, with considerable unemployment and significant incentives（诱因） for early retirement. If we are to minimize the panic, we need first to see it coming.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Smart phones do many things these days: make and receive calls, send e-mails, take photos and videos. But one thing they can do that phone companies don't advertise is keep a secret watch on you. As long as you don’t leave home without your phone, that handy gadget keeps a record of everywhere you go-a record the government can then get from your telephone company.
     When you carry a cell phone, it is constantly sending signals about where you are. It signals the nearby cell-phone towers about every seven seconds so it can be ready to make and receive calls. When it does, the phone is also telling the company that owns the towers where you are at that moment -data the company then stores away. There is also a second kind of locational data that phone companies have, thanks to a unit in most smart phones now for locating positions. This is even more accurate -unlike the towers, which can only tell a general area where you may be, this unit can often reveal exactly where you are at any given moment within a matter of meters.
     The American government's position is that it should be able to get most of this data if it decides it is relevant to an investigation, with no need for a search permit. If the government needs a permit it would have to show a judge evidence that there was probable cause to believe that the cell-phone user committed a crime. Without this requirement, the government can get locational data pretty much anytime it wants.
     The law is unclear about how easy it should be for the government to get its hands on this locational data. A federal court pronounced last week that in some cases the government may need a search permit. That's a step forward, but it's not good enough. Some hearings on this issue are being held. It is time for Congress to act. It should make clear that information from cell phones is deeply private and that without a search permit, the government cannot have it.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Lately it has become fashionable in America to question whether it is really worth it to go to college. According to a new survey released by the Pew Research Center, only 40 percent of Americans felt that colleges provided a good value for the cost. At the same time, 86 percent of college graduates still felt the investment was a good one for them.

     There are a number of reasons for the widespread dissatisfaction with college. First, there are plenty of problems with higher education—poor quality and out-of-control costs are two of the biggest.Second, it is true that college is not for everyone. There are plenty of rewarding and important careers that do not require college. And due to the slow economy, there may in fact be more graduates than the current job market needs. Besides, anti-college sentiment is nothing new· Today, Microsoft’s Bill Gates or Apple’s Steve Jobs—both college dropouts-is often held up as evidence of why all that time sitting in class is better spent elsewhere.

     However, getting a college education is still a good idea. College graduates earn more, and are more likely to have a job in the first place. According to the statistics last year, the average weekly earnings for someone with some college but no degree were $712, compared to $1,038 for a college graduate. That is almost $17,000 over the course of a year and there is an even bigger divide for those with less education. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate was 9.2 percent for those with only some college and more than 10 percent for those with just a middle school degree, but it was 5.4 percent for college graduates. The economic gaps between college completers and those with less education are getting larger·    

     Although most Americans surveyed by Pew feel doubtful about the value of a college degree, an overwhelming majority of parents Pew surveyed still expect their children to go to college. “It can be inferred that the increased doubt has not significantly influenced decision making, ’’Pew’s Taylor says.“Despite the concern about rising costs and other problems, college remains a universal desire in this country.”

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     As every physics student learns, there are four known forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetism, a "strong force" that binds atomic nuclei and a "weak force” that governs certain types of radioactive decay. Last week researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory announced that they may have found the best evidence yet for a hypothetical, elusive "fifth force”. If confirmed, their findings could mean that Sir Issac Newton's famous inverse-square law of gravity is in danger of losing the dignified position it has held for three centuries. “It's like saying Mem and apple pie's no good any more”, admits the leader of the gravity project, Geophysicist Mark Ander. “You just don't do that lightly.”
     The physicists reached their conclusion as the result of an experiment conducted in Greenland last summer. They lowered a supersensitive meter into a mile-deep hole bored in glacial ice--chosen because its density is more uniform than that of rock—and monitored the gravity as the meter descended, What occurred was startling: the expected increase in gravitational force predicted by Newton was there, but it got stronger, faster than expected. Either something was enhancing the force of gravity or the researchers had come upon a heretofore unknown, far more complex working of gravity itself. Or, just possibly, they had made a mistake.
     The fifth force, if that is what it is, has been a source of debate among physicists since its existence was suggested in 1981 by Australian mineshaft experiments. Five years later, Purdue University Physics Professor E. Fischbach measured a weak force he called "hypercharge" and theorized that it caused object of different composition to fall at different rates. Since Fischbach's finding, as many as 45 experiments have sprung up in search of the mystery force, and so far each has served only to confuse rather than clarify the issue.
     Jim Thomas, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology, praises the technical precision of Ander's experiment, but cautions that measuring gravity in holes is inexact at best. He points out, for example, that an aberration in the earth's crust might have caused the unusual measurements. What we are talking about is the possible modification of gravity, which is the fourth force,"adds Thomas. Even Ander stresses the strict confirmation is needed before he accepts the results of his Greenland experiment, Says he, "Gee, I've gotta be wrong—Newton certainly can't be wrong!"

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     In the past 5 years, as India's hunger for IT parks and new communities appeared tremendous, designers designed supersize projects dreamed up by Indian developers. Then the money disappeared. As the global economic crisis deteriorated, the country's banks turned reluctant to lend.
     "The first to get hit are large projects, says Mohit Gujral, whose firm does lots of big projects and has had to dismiss a quarter of its employees. His firm has worked on some of the high-class projects in the country. As business slows down, Gujral says, "You look at projects and scales you may not have considered earlier.”
     Smaller firms that work directly with users have been less affected. "They’re still fitting out the same square footage(英尺), but at a reduced budget, "said Rahoul Singh, whose firm counts on housing projects funded by private wealth for half its workload.
     Some major projects are going ahead, but with different customers in mind Gujral said that townships his firm is designing were planned originally to include apartments of 950 square feet as well as houses three times that size. Now there will be fewer houses and more of the cheaper apartments, as "affordable housing" becomes the slogan for developers.
     Indian cities face a shortage of 20 million housing units, mostly for low-income families. But most apartments advertised in major cities until last year cost 60,000 dollars-75 times India's average annual income. There were never enough end-users for that and there were never going to be. Some designers believe new projects will now be driven by real demand rather than speculative investment.
     Mohit Gujral has seen a third of his projects shut down, but is hopeful about making up for lost work in areas that still face a shortage-such as low-end housing, schools, and healthcare facilities. His firm is designing a university of 2.5 million square feet in a Delhi suburb. "There are real projects to be delivered,” he said. " India is a developing country. We still have a shortage of housing. We have a shortage of true office space. We have a shortage of just about everything.”

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

      Are passwords out-of-date? It is starting to seem like it. Everybody hates them. These days a typical Internet user has dozens of online accounts. If you really want to be safe, you need to generate a different password for each one, and each password needs to be extremely complicated, with a mix of letters, symbols, and numbers. Who can keep all that stuff in their head?
     Most people do not bother. Some just create one password and use it everywhere. Others might have a few passwords—one for all their banking and financial stuff, one for their social networks, one for email accounts. Problem is that if one site gets hacked, the bad guys now have the password you use elsewhere. These attacks are happening so frequently these days that you might as well assume there is no way to keep a password secret.
     Computer scientists realize the system is broken, and they are looking for alternatives. But most attempts have not been very good. Fingerprint readers require special hardware, and many people find them scary and don't want to use them. Smart cards can be lost or stolen. Scientists have tried all sorts of other approaches, but they end up back with passwords. They are the least worst in a series of bad choices.
     Markus Jakobsson, a researcher in computer science, has produced something he calls"fastwords." Instead of inventing a password, you join three simple words that come from a thought known only to you. If one day you were driving to work and ran over a frog that ended up flat, you might choose "frog work flat." You can enter the three words in any order, and the system still knows that you are you. If your mind goes totally blank, the fastwords system will tell you one of the three words, which should enable you to remember the original thought and thus the three keywords.
     The fastwords system represents a step in the right direction, but it is not the promised land. Someone, somehow, needs to come up with something radically different—and radically better—than what we have today.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Now, there is growing evidence that naps（小睡） are coming back. Many companies have set up nap rooms with beds, blankets and alarm clocks because they have recognized that most of their employees do not have enough sleep. If labor unions are truly interested in worker welfare, they should make such facilities a necessary item in contract negotiation.
     A brief nap makes people feel refreshed and relaxed. If workers take advantage of the opportunity to sleep for twenty minutes or so during the workday, they can go back to work with renewed enthusiasm and energy. Dr. Linda Pitt, for example, often manages to take a ten-minute nap between patients. She says that this respite helps her focus better on each patient's problems. Also, there are companies that encourage their employees to take naps. They find that napping reduces accidents and errors and increases productivity, even if it shortens the workday a bit. A recent NASA study showed that twenty-four-minute naps greatly improved a pilot's alertness and performance on long-distance flights.
     Studies have found that sleepy workers make more mistakes and cause more accidents. They are more likely to have heart attacks and other physical disorders. Dr. David Jones, a sleep researcher at Harvard, explained that the brain becomes less active when it fails to get enough sleep. It has been proved that lack of sleep affects attention and performance. It often leads to "microsleeps", that is, involuntary lapses into sleep. These "microsleeps"often cause accidents. He suggested taking a"power nap"during the day to prevent the effects of sleep loss.
     "Naps greatly strengthen the ability to pay close attention to details and to make critical decisions," added Dr. Jones. He also stated that"a nap taken about eight hours after you wake can do much more for you than if you add those twenty minutes onto already adequate sleep at night."

Reading Comprehension

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。     

     In a world where everyone is out for themselves, who should we trust? One signal that suggests we are reliable is a smile. Genuine smiles send a message that other people can trust and cooperate with us. People who smile are rated higher in generosity and when people share with each other they tend to display genuine smiles.
     When people do bad things they often smile when they are caught. Is this to their benefit? It can be. We treat people who have broken the rules with more tolerance if they smile afterwards. It does not matter whether it is a false smile, a miserable smile or a real felt smile. They all work to make us want to give the wrongdoer a break. This seems to work because we find people who smile after breaking the rules more reliable than those who do not.
     Sometimes we smile both because it is polite and so that we can avoid feeling bad afterwards. In one study people were asked to remain stony-faced after hearing someone else's good news. They felt bad afterwards and thought the other person would think worse of them as a result. So we nod and smile politely because otherwise we will regret it afterwards. Women, though, seem to feel this pressure to smile at the happy news of others more than men.
     Smiling is one way to reduce the distress caused by an upsetting situation. Psychologists call this the facial feedback hypothesis. Even forcing a smile when we do not feel like it is enough to lift our mood slightly. Although smiling at upsetting things may work, it does not look good to others. When researchers had participants watch distressing videos, those who smiled felt better afterwards than those who did not. But people who smiled at distressing images were judged less likeable by others.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     An understanding of man's effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的) to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the population of richer countries that has a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.
     For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua New Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.
     In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind--not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy-man.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

Dear Sir,
     I am writing to make a strong complaint about the impolite treatment my guests and I received when we had a dinner party in your restaurant-Greenwich Restaurant last Saturday, December 18.
     I booked a table for dinner by telephone last Thursday and we were assured that there would be room for us. We know that there must be great demand for restaurant meals at this time of the year in such a popular and historic area, but we were not expecting such an ill-mannered reception on the part of your head waiter. My colleagues and I all felt rather hurt and angry.
     The unpleasant experience goes like this our Russian friends were currently touring the 'Shakespeare's Country' and were looking forward to a traditional English dinner in such a charming setting. But our hope for an enjoyable evening out was instantly spoilt when your head waiter informed us that he had received no booking in our name and, so, no table was reserved for our party. My colleagues and I protested at this and asked to speak to the Manager, who, we were told, was unavailable.
     Your staff then offered us a table which we had to share with a couple and no effort was made to smooth over the unpleasantness we had experienced. We also had to wait some considerable time before the menu was brought to us.
     I trust you will give this complaint your prompt attention as the whole embarrassing incident was a great disappointment to our guests and set a bad example of our English hospitality(好客).