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中等

Horse talk
        Do you know horses talk? You can learn to understand “horse talk” if you pay close attention to them.
        When horses live in the wild, other animals try to eat them, so a lot of horse talk is about staying alive. Even now, when most horses live on farms, they watch for danger. For this reason, never walk behind a horse. If you surprise it, the horse might mistake you for a lion or wolf and give a dangerous kick.
        By watching the ears, you can get clues to what the horse is hearing. A horse can turn each ear in a different direction. For a wild horse, this skill is important for survival. The horse can hear something creeping up behind it while also checking out a threatening noise in front. When a horse lets its ears down, it’s feeling safe and relaxed. Though these actions may be natural responses and not deliberate communications, they help you know what the horse is thinking.
        Sometimes horses can send definite messages. For example, they know they are safe when they’re with other horses. If they become isolated, they “whinny (嘶鸣)”, calling for company. They’re staying, “Where are you? I’m over here!” Domestics horses use the same sounds to stay in touch with other horses.
        If a horse snorts (打响鼻儿),it’s not communicating anything. It‘s just clearing dust or grass seed out of its nose. But if it snorts while holding its head high and staring at something, it’s saying, “That looks dangerous. Get ready to run!” When two horses meet, they put their noses together and smell each other’s breath. It’s their way of asking, “Are you a friend?” Horses also “blow”, breathing out the air loudly through the nose, when they meet something strange. They are asking, “Is this safe?”
        Horses have a language of their own. Now you know a bit of what they might be saying!

中等

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Are we getting more intelligent? The fact is that IQ scores have increased sharply in many countries of the world, Britain, the USA, Argentina, China and Canada to name only a few. The average child today is as bright as the near genius of 50 years ago."This destroys our belief about the rigidity of IQ, "says Prof Neisser of Cornell University. Even if we do not consider the problem of whether IQ is a satisfactory description of intelligence, we still have to find an explanation for this increase. Neither nature nor environment alone answers the question. Some research indicates that genetics accounts for 75% of the difference between one individual and another. So there's not much room for environment. But in a group of people genes do not change fast enough to explain the rise in scores over the last 50 years. And in any case most psychologists continue to believe that genes explain the differences in IQ. A recent study by Dickens and Flynn suggests that genes do indeed have an important effect, because they encourage people to look for certain environments and certain life experiences. Biologically bright children tend to enjoy school, books, puzzles, asking questions and thinking abstractly. All these things tend to increase brainpower. You will probably study more, choose bright children of the same age as friends, thus boosting your intelligence even more. A child who loves stories will ask his parents to read to him night after night. This will improve his cognitive skills and he will perform better at school. On the other hand a child biologically less gifted may get frustrated at school and come to hate learning, thus reinforcing his genetic tendencies.

中等

阅读判断:
下面的短文后列出了十个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 

Pets for the English 
        For the English people, keeping pets is not just a leisure activity.  It is an entire way of life. In fact, the expression “keeping pets” does not show the high status of their animals. An Englishman’s home may be his castle, but his dog is the real king. 
        Many other cultures have pets. The Americans may outdo ( 超 过 ) the English in buying expensive things for their pets. But the English’s relationship with animals is different. Their pets are more than symbols of status. They tend to be far more open, easy and communicative in their relationships with their animals than with each other. 
        The average Englishman will try hard to avoid communication with his fellow humans. When he cannot avoid it, he will generally become nervous. But he will have no difficulty in having lively conversations with a dog.
        An American visitor had once suffered for a week as a guest in a fairly typical English home. This family was ruled by two large dogs. The owner of the dogs engaged them in non-stop chat and laughed lovingly at their misbehaviors. She complained that the owner’s relationship with these pets was “abnormal” and “unhealthy”. 
        The English are allowed to criticize their own pets. But this must be done in friendly and joking tones. In fact, they often take pride in their pets’ misbehaviors. They may lovingly talk about the items their dogs have eaten or destroyed. “It wasn’t just shoes and ordinary things, mine used to eat mobile phones.” “Well, mine chewed a whole Hi-Fi system to bits!”

中等

阅读判断: 
下面的短文后列出了十个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。  

Self-esteem (自尊)and Self-confidence 
     Think back to when you did something new for the first time. Self-confidence isn't always what we think it is. Many experts say that self-confidence and self-esteem are different. Self-confidence is about what we can do by virtue of our efforts. It grows along with the quality of the effort.
     Self-esteem is more fundamental (基本的)and is about the feeling of being worth something, just because we are who we are, and not because we have done something. A good sportsman can have a huge success and self-confidence, because he's good at his sport. In the same time his self-esteem can be low, if his parents have never recognized and treasured him for the person he is deep inside, but only for his performances in sports.
     Build self-esteem if you were not born with it. Some people just have it, as if they were born with it. They talk in front of a crowd of people, sell themselves at job interviews or start an interesting conversation with people they've never met before.
     Self-confidence isn't something you receive as a birth gift. It's something you develop gradually as you turn over the pages of the thick book of life. If you work goal-directed to improve your belief in yourself, you'll eventually build up your courage to do what self-assured (自信的) people find natural, instead of developing pounding hearts, breathing difficulties and trembling hands.
     Regardless of fear and shyness you'll have to get out of your hiding to improve your self-confidence. Be more visible to your surroundings. Do something else than you used to. Try yourself in different situations. We all have many great abilities that just have to be exposed.

中等

阅读判断:
下面的短文后列出了十个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。

     There are two groups of people who live in the rain forests of Africa—Bantu villagers and Pygmy hunters. The two groups have very different ways of life. But they have learned to survive in the rain forest by depending on each other. 
     The Pygmies live as hunters in the rain forest. They live in large groups of families and hunt with nets. The men go to an area where they know there are animals. They hold up nets and the women and children spread out and drive the animals into the nets. 
     Hunting is a full-time job for the Pygmies, so they cannot always stay in villages. But over the years, the Pygmies have learned to enjoy some of the luxuries (奢侈品)of village life. Their forest foods of meat, fruit and nuts are enough for them. But they also enjoy some village foods—like rice, beans, peanuts and vegetables. They also need some metal tools that are made by the villagers.
     The villagers are Bantus. They stay in the clearings(空地)in the rain forests. The Bantus cannot keep cattle in the rain forest. There is not enough room for the cattle to feed. So the Bantus are given meat by the Pygmies. To the Bantus the rain forest is a dangerous place. But to the Pygmies it is familiar. So the Pygmies fetch firewood and guard the village fields from wild animals.
     The Bantus must work very hard to clear their fields. Once they are cleared, the villagers must fight continually to keep the rain forest from taking over again. The soil of the rain forest is so poor that the farm crops soon wear it out. Then the villagers must give the land back to the forest after a few years' farming and clear more.