Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     "Most parents make well-meant efforts to set high goals to motivate and stimulate their children's learning and good behavior,"observes Sam Goldstein, a psychologist specializing in child development at the University of Utah. "But many don't understand their own child's limitations or strengths. 
     In fact, many potentialities and limitations—in intelligence, character and mental health- are laid down prior to birth. We may want our son or daughter to do better than we did at the same age, but if it's not in the cards, or genes, no amount of coaching or coaxing will move them much beyond their natural gifts. In fact, the pressure may have the opposite effect. In most cases, the parents' urge only adds to their children's anxiety.
     Trouble arises when we ignore the signs that a child isn't ready or able to live up to our expectations. If a child is not really good at what his parents are pushing him to do, he will be confronted with failures. And repeated failures may cause some children to set the bar too low for themselves, withdrawing from new experiences and missing out on opportunities to guarantee they won‘t fail again. When a child doesn't meet expectations, the parents may feel anger which shows up as annoyance or frustration. Children may see their parents' disappointment as rejection, and these feelings can lead to hostility, emotional withdrawal, lack of ability and conduct problems or immoral behaviors.
     The bottom line is that we must accept our children for who they are and allow them to become what they will be. But don't misinterpret acceptance as permissiveness. Let children do what they want when they want to; homework must be done, and family rules respected. It comes down to a delicate balance of control and acceptance.
     Often kids will give us the clue we need to help them set and achieve realistic goals. The benefits of taking a realistic view of your child may surprise you. When parents are accepting, loving and supportive, children are often motivated to exceed your expectations.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     In 1945, Reuben, a 12-year-old boy, saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing. The price—five dollars—was beyond his means, but he went inside the shop anyway. Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack（面粉袋）shirt and washed-out trousers, he asked the shopkeeper to hold it for him for some time. “I'll try,” the shopkeeper smiled.
     Reuben decided to raise the five dollars. Hearing the sound of hammering from a side street, he suddenly had an idea. People built their own homes in Bay Roberts, using nails purchased in sacks from a local factory. The sacks were sometimes discarded and Reuben knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece.
     Every day after school, Reuben went around the town, collecting nail sacks. When the school closed for the summer, Reuben wandered around the town, searching for his treasures. Often he was tired and hungry, but the thought of the object in the shop window kept him going. Sometimes his mother Dora would ask: “Reuben, where were you? We were waiting for you to have dinner.”
     “Playing, Mum. Sorry.”
     Dora would look at his face and shake her head. Boys.
     One day in spring, he counted the coins and found that he needed 20 cents more. Could there be any sacks left anywhere in town? He had to find four and sell them before the day ended.
     When Reuben arrived at the factory in the late aftemoon, the sack buyer was about to lock up. “Mister! Please don't close up yet.” The man turned and saw Reuben, dirty and sweat-stained.
     With four more coins in his pocket, Reuben headed for the shop and got what he wanted. Racing home, he burst through the front door. “Here, Mum! Here!” He exclaimed as he ran to her side. He placed a small box in her work-roughened hand.
     Dora unwrapped it carefully, to save the paper. A blue-velvet jewel box appeared. She lifted the lid and saw an almond-shaped brooch（胸针）with the word “Mother.” It was Mother's Day, 1946. Dora had no jewels except her wedding ring. Speechless, she smiled radiantly and gathered her son into her arms.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall chronically(慢性地) ill when they are in their old age, according to an Austrian scientist. Based on census(人口普查) data collected from more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life span over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy and infections(感染)occurring at different times of the year could have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and affect its life span in old age. "A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer”, said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research, "The mother stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food in the hot weeks of summer. Then, the baby is prone to infections of the digestive system." In Austria adults born in autumn lived about seven months longer than those born in spring; in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern part of the Earth, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. Based on death certificates and census data the study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century. Doblhammer said that the seasonal pattern persists, although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Contrary to what many people believe, highly intelligent children are not necessarily bound to have an academic success. In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart. Ensuring that a gifted child reaches his or her potential requires an understanding of what can go wrong and how to satisfy the unusual learning requirements of extremely bright young people.
     One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart. Such an emphasis can breed a belief that bright people do not have to work hard to do well. Although smart kids may not need to work hard in the lower grades when the work is easy, they may struggle and perform poorly when the work gets harder because they do not make the effort to learn. In some cases, they may not know how to study, having never done it before. In others, they simply cannot accept the fact that some tasks require effort.
     If the scholastic achievement of highly intelligent children remains below average for an extended period, many teachers will fail to recognize their potential. As a result, such students may not get the encouragement they need, and may further be depressed to learn. They may fall far behind in their schoolwork and even develop behavior problems. Boys may turn aggressive or become class clowns (小丑). Girls often develop performance anxiety and other symptoms such as stomachaches.
     One way to avoid such difficulties is to recognize that IQ is just one of the elements for success. Children do well or struggle in school for a host of reasons apart from IQ, according to psychologist Franz Monks of the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. These include motivation and persistence, social competence, and the support of family, educators and friends. Emphasizing the importance of persistence and hard work, for example, will help a child avoid the laziness trap. Gifted children also need intellectual challenges-to teach them how to work hard.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。​

     There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. 

     In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
     What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of skill, process, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is marvelous. In some African nations, the Americas, China, and Japan, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls（玩偶）, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
     Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to leaps in technology that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of upward movement. The progress from rattle（拨浪鼓）used by baby in3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by invention. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     An understanding of man's effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的) to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the population of richer countries that has a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.
     For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua New Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.
     In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind--not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy-man.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     The poor are very wonderful people. One evening we went out and picked up four people from the street. One of them was in a most terrible condition, so I did for her all that my love could do. I put her in bed, and there was such a beautiful smile on her face. She took hold of my hand, as she said two words only-“thank you” and she died.
     I could not help but examine my conscience(良心) before her and I asked: “What would I say if I were in her place?” and my answer was very simple. I would have tried to draw a little attention to myself. I would have said: “I am hungry, am dying, I am cold, I am in pain,” or something, but she gave me much more-she gave me her grateful love. And she died with a smile on her face-like that man whom we picked up from the drain, half eaten with worms, and we brought him to the home-“I have lived like an animal in the street, but I am going to die like an angel, loved and cared for.” And it was so wonderful to see the greatness of that man who could speak like that, who could die like that without blaming anybody without comparing anything. Like an angel -this is the greatness of our people. 
     I believe that we are not real social workers. And I think that in our family we don't need bombs and guns, to destroy, to bring peace -just get together, love one another, bring that peace, that joy, that strength of presence of each other in the home. And we will be able to fight against all the evil in the world. 

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     In downtown Detroit there is a concert hall called the Ford Auditorium, a reminder that Detroit owes its rapid growth and one-time prosperity to the automobile, and above all to Henry Ford.
      Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-produce it, thus making it available to the ordinary man. Automobiles were built by hand at the turn of the last century and were much too expensive for all but the wealthy. In 1903, Henry Ford''s first mass-produced Model T cars cost $850. By the early 1920s, he was able to reduce the price to $350. Between 1903 and 1927, Ford manufactured 15 million Model T Fords and earned a profit of $700 million. In 1927, he produced his sedan Model A, which was much more comfortable than the open, windswept Model T. 

     Henry Ford was himself a born mechanic and could build a car all by himself.He respected his workers and treated them well. In 1914, when the basic wage for an industrial worker in Detroit was $11 a week, Ford announced that he would pay his workers $5 a day. Ford believed in the dignity(尊严) of work, and did not want his men to become underpaid robots. He also built for them a special town on the suburbs of the city.
     Ford's wage policy of $5 a day caused not only a wage explosion in the city as well as a population explosion. Blacks from the South poured into the city, and there were almost as many blacks in Detroit as whites. Other industries connected with the automobile were attracted to Detroit, and more and more factories sprang up in and around the city. Other automobile corporations also made Detroit their headquarters. General Motors an amalgamation(融合,合并)of Chevrolet, Cadillac, Oldsmobile and Buick, built factories in Detroit as did Chrysler. In the 1960s, one in three who lived in Detroit worked in the automobile industry.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased. "We worry more about their safety in the holidays, explains one mother from North London. If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city, they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room! Well, that's an extreme picture of the UK today, but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends..
     Weekends are not the only time to worry! Newspapers are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train. This summer there were more frightening stories of many teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net. All the Media stories help increase parents fears, but is the UK really so dangerous?
     Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier. In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents. "At least our parents can keep tabs on us," says 16-year-old Julia. "So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are. I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late. " Mobiles are not just expensive toys; they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they make parents feel better. Only one problem is, though, that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones.
     Young people like going out with friends, but they now need to learn how to get home safely. Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends, but they, too, need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger, Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did. Now schools, television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom（出生高峰期）continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada's history, in the decade before 1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population but the expansion was also the result of earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world.
     After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until 1966. Partly this decline reflected changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; and rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling into step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
     Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966, another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     In last week's Science, a group of leading investigators led by John Beddington, the chief science adviser for the British government, published a call warning climate change has become a growing threat to agricultural production and food security. In other words, the potential risks to farming are another reason why we need to reduce the carbon in the air. And the fact that the climate is already changing, and will continue to change, means that we also need to start adapting agriculture to a warmer world immediately.
     How exactly could climate change lower our ability to feed ourselves? Warming alone could do it, with already hot and dry places-like the American Southwest or the Horn of Africa-predicted to become hotter and drier. The terrible droughts that have affected Texas and East Africa lead to an extreme shortage of food in the latter case. While additional carbon in the air may help some plants, warmer temperatures can also slow down growth, so extreme heat could lead to greater crop loss.
     It's not just drought, though; rain at the wrong time can be extremely bad for agriculture as well. That was obvious during the great floods in Pakistan in 2010 which not only killed thousands of people but also washed away crops. Those losses helped drive food prices to record highs during the past year, a level from which they're only now beginning to drop. As the atmosphere warms, it can hold more water, which means we can expect heavier storms when the rain does fall.
     Warming isn't the only threat to our ability to feed ourselves. It acts together with rising population and other factors. That's why scientists are calling for more joint research as the first step to adapting agriculture to climate change. "The window of opportunity to prevent a climate crisis is rapidly closing, and we need better information and tools to balance how we grow our food and use our resources,"says Molly Jahn, dean of College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin. If we hope to live well in a warmer world, we have no other choice.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     In the sea, at the base of what scientists call the food chain are single-celled plants. These microscopic algae（海藻）provide the energy for the chain that feeds higher forms of life. Under some conditions, algae suddenly begin to spread very quickly and the event is known as a bloom. Usually blooms are not harmful but some kinds of algae produce poisons. These toxins can be deadly to sea animals and also dangerous to people. When algae bloom, they can change the color of the water as they form dense areas near the surface.
     You may have heard the term "red tide." But experts at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts say this is incorrect. Blooms are not connected with tides and there are not always red. The water can appear brown or greenish. And in fact, some algae can be harmful without changing the color of the water. So instead of red tide, scientists use the term "harmful algal bloom." Algal is the adjective form of alga—a single plant. But they also just say HAB for short.
     The toxins can very quickly kill fish such as herring and anchovies that feed on algae. But even if they survive, they can be dangerous to eat. Not only that, bigger fish that eat the algae eaters may also be dangerous. Some toxins harm only sea life, but others can cause severe stomach and intestinal problems as well as neurological disorders and even death in people. The only way to know whether these toxins are present is through laboratory testing of fish and shellfish.
     Experts say the meaty or hard muscle parts of shrimps, crabs, scallops and lobsters are safe to eat because they do not absorb the poison. But people should not eat the liver or other organs or soft tissues. Also people should not eat other kinds of shellfish during an HAB. These include oysters, clams, mussels and whelks.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

     ① When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water.
     ② The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group, this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.  

     ③ Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.  

    ④ The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.  

    ⑤ The main benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

    ① Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. 

    ② The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. 

    ③ But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folks are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. 

    ④ Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. 

   ⑤ But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. 

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

    ① It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflicts at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. 

    ② This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all—volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals — and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.” 

    ③ Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career. 

    ④ At the workplace, men use conflicts as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflicts or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem, even if that means doing the boring work themselves. 

    ⑤ This difference in handling conflicts could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely–including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

    ① More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. 

    ② It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. 

    ③ For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigations revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露) the company that was being robbed. 

    ④ Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. 

    ⑤ Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, a accountant, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

      Respecting the emotions and feelings of people interacting with you through your considerate behaviour is a form of politeness. It is considered as an essential soft skill that can open new doors for you. Here are some qualities you can learn.
   ① If you are looking for ways to be polite you need to use appropriate language while interacting with others. Do not think that only the people who are social, financially or professionally superior to you deserve your politeness. 

    ② Gossip is a form of negative inputs that can disturb the existing atmosphere. Both personal life and professional work-front are hubs of gossip and it is human nature to listen attentively and then offer opinions. If you are looking for ways to be polite then you need to stay away from gossip. Telling tales or even just listening to them makes you a party to it. 

    ③ Do not appoint yourself as judge and jury because you are unaware of the circumstances that other people are going through. It is quite easy to make snap judgements without acquiring all the facts and information. 

    ④ Humour is a very powerful weapon and must be used fittingly. It can cause serious harm if applied at the wrong time and during inappropriate situations. If you are looking for ways to be polite then recognise your boundaries. Remember that there is a place and time for humour. Try not to cause offence by your humour as the things you find humorous might not seem like it to others. 

    ⑤ A person who is polite will put others at ease in a gentle and calm manner. They do not believe in ruffling any feathers and will diffuse tense situations with a firm and appropriate hand. They will go out of their way to alleviate any discomfort or uncomfortable moment. If you are looking for ways to be polite then let the other person speak about himself.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

    ① According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders. 

    ② So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets. 

    ③ It's also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics. 

    ④ Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions. 

    ⑤ As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.