概括段落大意和补全句子
阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子,并选择正确的答案代码(指 A、B、C、D、E或 F)。

①  I was happy to grow up in a Mexican city with my parents and my younger brother. My mother was an opera singer, and my father was the owner of an oil company. We lived near the ocean. My brother and I would be outside all the time with the neighbors' kids, running free, playing football on the streets and at the beach. What better place could there be for a child?
②  My mother was devoted to helping people who had great voices but didn't have the money to study music. My parents offered dozens of music scholarships. My mother opened a school in town, introducing opera to children. With my father's help, she invited teachers from Mexico City. They would train anybody who had a good voice, and several of her students are now working as professional singers. 

③  I have always been inspired by my parents to help people. I am concerned about all women's issues on justice, education and health. Among people suffering injustice, women are always in the worst situation. And the problem is growing. There is still so much domestic violence（家庭暴力）and a general lack of laws to protect women. We have to make sure women are respected and valued. 

④  My grandmother was my greatest inspiration. She was a great woman who loved knowledge and was a keen reader. She was also a scientist and a chemist and she was ahead of her time, but for women like her there were no chances. She learned about traditional Indian medicine and studied with Indians in different parts of Mexico. She used to make her own beauty creams. She could make hair grow on bald（秃顶）men!

⑤  I love being a wife and homemaker. But being a mother is very tiring, and sometimes I make myself tired. I can understand how hard it is for women who have to do everything themselves all the time. 

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

     ① Most musicians agree that the best violins (小提琴) were made in Cremona, Italy, about 200 years ago. They even sound better than violins made today. Violin makers and scientists try to make instruments (乐器) like the Italian violins, however, they are not the same. Why are these old Italian violins so special? No one really knows. But many people think they have an answer.  

    ② Some people think it is the age of the violins. But there is a problem here. Not all old violins sound wonderful. Only the old violins from Cremona are special. So age cannot be the answer.  

    ③ Other people think the secret to those violins is the wood. It must be from certain kinds of trees. It must not be too young or too old. Perhaps the violin makers of Cremona knew something special about wood for violins.  

    ④ But the kind of wood may not be so important. It may be more important to cut the wood in a special way. Wood for a violin must be cut into the right size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sound of the violin. Musicians sometimes think that this is the secret of the Italians.  

    ⑤ Size and shape may not be the answer either. Scientists make new violins that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new ones still do not sound as good as the old ones. Some scientists think the secret may be the varnish (清漆). It makes the wood look shiny, but it also helps the sound of the instrument. Since no one knows what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish, no one can make the same varnish today. There may never be other violins like the violins of Cremona. And there are not many of the old violins left. So these old violins from Cremona become more and more precious.

概括段落大意和补全句子
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，,并选择正确的答案代码(指 A、B、C、D、E或 F)。

概括段落大意和补全句子。阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从每个题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从每个题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，选择正确的答案的代码（指A、B、C、D、E或F）。

概括段落大意和补全句子：

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

     ①You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

     ②Don't accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

    ③ Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

    ④ Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. 

    ⑤ In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. 

     By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

概括段落大意和补全句子
阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子,并选择正确的答案代码(指 A、B、C、D、E或 F)。

     ②Why is this? There is one important historical reason: the influence of the British Empire-the Empire that stretched across the globe. Although the Empire no longer exists, the English language is firmly rooted in its former colonies （殖民地）- in African, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Far East, Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean and North America. 

     ③Other important reasons for the spread of English language are economic. English is the language of international business and commerce. Also, most scientific and technological developments have been made by English-speaking societies. To keep up with such developments, to talk about them in international conferences, or write and read about them in scientific journals and books, scientists, scholars and students must be able to understand English. 

     ④There is also a rather less obvious reason. English is the language of a popular culture. All over the globe, millions of young people listen to pop music and watch pop videos. The stars who perform in English are by far the most famous. Hundreds of American and British singers can be heard all over the world. English has become an international language. 

     ⑤English is well suited to this role. Unlike many other languages, it has a built-in flexibility（灵活性）that allows constant adaptation（改编）and assimilation（同化）. In English, vocabulary from other languages is often used, new words and combinations of words can be coined（杜撰） easily, nouns can be turned into verbs and vice versa. Thus, what is correct in English is often, simply, what is accepted as appropriate and understandable by those who speak it, whether they are native or non-native speakers.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

     Many schools have their art programs removed in an effort to improve test scores and save money. However, some researchers believe that this is not correct. Students can master some basic skills in art class that they cannot find in a normal classroom. Allow me to share why you have to take art class.  

     ① First and most important, it stimulates creativity. Art schools encourage you to think outside the box and be creative enough to create something artistic. It can be used not only in art but in life, too.  

    ② Besides, it helps you make the right choice. In art class, you are usually free to do what you want. In every art class, you are required to make decisions that can determine what your painting will turn out to be.  

    ③ In addition, students can learn the art of critical thinking as a skill of observation. For example, art students find ways to imagine. That is a skill they need to become better readers and problem settlers.  

    ④ What is more, it is noted that the company’s bosses are actively looking for employees who can think creatively. Creative thinking is one of the most important skills that students can learn in art courses.  

    ⑤ Finally, students who are trained in art class have interesting mental habits. They learn how to work on a task for a long time and how to continue to work even if they are discouraged. They are better for creating a link between the classroom and the outside world. In addition, children who do art work are able to look back on their work and make judgments about themselves.

概括段落大意和补全句子
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题： (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

概括段落大意和补全句子
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题； (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

概括段落大意和补全句子
阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子,并选择正确的答案代码(指 A、B、C、D、E或 F)。

Dormitory Life

      ①Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience. However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery. When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life. Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well. 

      ② When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests. And you can enjoy the various services there. Both are very important to make you successful at college. But you may have to give up much of your personal space. You will share a room with someone else. This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you.

      ③ You will have to learn some important life skills. For example, you will learn how to get along with people. You will also learn to ignore things that you can't change. But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the real world.

      ④ When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus. If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there. 

      ⑤ Besides, living on campus means you don't have to travel to and from school in rush hours. And you are more involved in campus life. For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make your own contributions. If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice.

Reading Comprehension

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 

     Before long, advertisements will be popping up（涌现）on all kinds of wireless devices, including hand-held computers, cell phones and pagers. This technological breakthrough is of great interest to advertisers, because it allows them access to consumers any time and any place.
     Advertisers are interested in wireless advertising for several reasons. First, cell phone owners are typically young and rich; they are just the kind of consumers with whom advertisers want to communicate. Second, the market for wireless devices is growing rapidly. In 2000, there were nearly 100 million cell phones in U.S. and Canada. Third, advertisers can target their sales advertisements to the consumers who are most likely to buy their products or services because they can obtain data about the age, gender（性别） and buying preferences of people who own wireless devices. Companies will even be able to deliver advertisements based on the cell phone user’s location. For example, a clothing store could advertise a big sale to cell phone users who live or work near the store.
     The technology is still in its early stages, and advertisements will initially consist mostly of a simple text message on the cell phone or the pager screen. Some advertisements will have an audio component as well. Eventually, commercials will be received on cell phones.
     It is quite possible that cell phone owners will not want to receive advertisements because they may view them as the wireless equivalent to “junkmail”（垃圾邮件）. Advertisers are therefore planning to deliver wireless advertisements only to those cell phone users who want them. In return for providing information on their carrier, type of phone, age, gender, and cell phone number, cell phone users will be offered free information such as sports scores and weather reports delivered to their cell phones. Some advertisers are actually paying cell phone owners for agreeing to receive advertisements. 

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     In last week's Science, a group of leading investigators led by John Beddington, the chief science adviser for the British government, published a call warning climate change has become a growing threat to agricultural production and food security. In other words, the potential risks to farming are another reason why we need to reduce the carbon in the air. And the fact that the climate is already changing, and will continue to change, means that we also need to start adapting agriculture to a warmer world immediately.
     How exactly could climate change lower our ability to feed ourselves? Warming alone could do it, with already hot and dry places-like the American Southwest or the Horn of Africa-predicted to become hotter and drier. The terrible droughts that have affected Texas and East Africa lead to an extreme shortage of food in the latter case. While additional carbon in the air may help some plants, warmer temperatures can also slow down growth, so extreme heat could lead to greater crop loss.
     It's not just drought, though; rain at the wrong time can be extremely bad for agriculture as well. That was obvious during the great floods in Pakistan in 2010 which not only killed thousands of people but also washed away crops. Those losses helped drive food prices to record highs during the past year, a level from which they're only now beginning to drop. As the atmosphere warms, it can hold more water, which means we can expect heavier storms when the rain does fall.
     Warming isn't the only threat to our ability to feed ourselves. It acts together with rising population and other factors. That's why scientists are calling for more joint research as the first step to adapting agriculture to climate change. "The window of opportunity to prevent a climate crisis is rapidly closing, and we need better information and tools to balance how we grow our food and use our resources,"says Molly Jahn, dean of College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin. If we hope to live well in a warmer world, we have no other choice.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Danger is waiting for you every time you step out of your front door. The hidden danger, however, is not a robber, but merely the sidewalk beneath your feet. Although a short walk down the road may not normally be considered a dangerous activity, a recent government study suggests otherwise.
     Pedestrian's danger tripping up on uneven or damaged sidewalks occurs twice every 100 meters, causing injuries which can match those suffered in a car crash. At least 600,000 trips on sidewalks require medical treatment across the country every year, according to the Pedestrians Association; the government says the figure for serious injuries is a small part of that, though.
     Although the elderly and disabled are the most likely victims of uneven sidewalks, it has caused injuries among thousands of pedestrians of all ages, according to one analyst of the Pedestrians Association's London Office. " Such a fall can sometimes mean a life-changing injury for older people, which leaves them wheelchair-bound or having to walk with a stick, " he said. "A fall can also make people lose confidence, forcing them to stay indoors.”
     According to Pedestrians Association director Ben Mark, the hidden dangers of walking along a sidewalk are not clear by a lack of comprehensive data, concerning the true extent of the problem. He said, “Victims of sidewalk falls are invisible casualties(受伤人员)as far as the National Road Casualty Statistics are concerned—— it only counts if you've been hit by a car or a lorry on the road. It's really bad that we don't know how many people are injured by sidewalks. Nobody keeps track of the data. ”

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

Passage One 

     Many language learners fail to realize that when they listen to their native language, they do not actually hear every word. They also fail to understand that they integrate their knowledge about language with their experience and knowledge of such things as topic and culture, and do not need to hear to hear every word. This means that learners often have unrealistic expectations and try to understand each word of a listening text.
     As some experts point out, “such total comprehension…is a misconception of how normal comprehension works in the native language.” Learners’ anxiety may get worse when a classroom procedure does not provide adequate context for the text or prepare the topic by activating their prior knowledge；in other words, a procedure which asks students to “Listen to the text and then answer the questions.” This tests listening ability rather than aiming to teach it. Adults returning to English language learning whose earlier experiences have been of this nature may have developed negative perceptions of their ability as listeners and a major task for the teacher will be to build confidence.
     This means recognizing anxiety and a major tasking care to provide positive classroom experiences. For example, the teacher needs to make sure that the pace and length of a listening activity is not too taxing as the concentration required in trying to comprehend unfamiliar sounds can be tiring.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     When traveling the world, you will certainly run into customs that differ from ones in your country. This is what makes traveling fun, and indeed why many people travel in the first place. Probably one of the differences that people take notice of first is body language and gestures.
     Body language is just as varied around the world. Often, something that we take for granted as meaning one thing can mean something completely different elsewhere. For example, in Thailand, as the foot is the lowest part of the body it is held in the lowest esteem. To point a foot at someone is extremely insulting. Likewise, as the head is the highest part of the body, it is never touched directly by others. A pat on the head in Western society might mean a job well done, but in Thailand it is an insult of the worst kind.
     As mentioned before, greetings in Asia consist of a bow. In Japan, your hands are at your side; elsewhere they may be in prayer position. The inferior person will bow longer and lower. In Mediterranean countries on the other hand, a kiss on each cheek is customary. In Latin America, one might greet someone of either sex with a hug and a kiss. In Muslim nations, sexes generally do not mix at all unless they are family. Some simple gestures that are common here in the States such as the "thumbs-up” sign, are rude to those in Middle Eastern countries, Nigeria, Australia and Afghanistan. A two-finger "V" sign with the palm out can mean Victory, but either means the number two or "push it" depending on where you are.
     Some gestures have widely different meanings in almost everywhere it is used. For example, in Japan crooking a finger in a "come here" gesture is insulting. In Yugoslavia, Vietnam and Malaysia it is used to call animals, and therefore insulting to people. Even something such as a smile, which seems an instinctive reaction to happiness, can mean sadness or anger. When traveling, it is important to take the time to learn about your hosts customs so that you do not seem ignorant or offensive.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     The poor are very wonderful people. One evening we went out and picked up four people from the street. One of them was in a most terrible condition, so I did for her all that my love could do. I put her in bed, and there was such a beautiful smile on her face. She took hold of my hand, as she said two words only-“thank you” and she died.
     I could not help but examine my conscience(良心) before her and I asked: “What would I say if I were in her place?” and my answer was very simple. I would have tried to draw a little attention to myself. I would have said: “I am hungry, am dying, I am cold, I am in pain,” or something, but she gave me much more-she gave me her grateful love. And she died with a smile on her face-like that man whom we picked up from the drain, half eaten with worms, and we brought him to the home-“I have lived like an animal in the street, but I am going to die like an angel, loved and cared for.” And it was so wonderful to see the greatness of that man who could speak like that, who could die like that without blaming anybody without comparing anything. Like an angel -this is the greatness of our people. 
     I believe that we are not real social workers. And I think that in our family we don't need bombs and guns, to destroy, to bring peace -just get together, love one another, bring that peace, that joy, that strength of presence of each other in the home. And we will be able to fight against all the evil in the world. 

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     In the sea, at the base of what scientists call the food chain are single-celled plants. These microscopic algae（海藻）provide the energy for the chain that feeds higher forms of life. Under some conditions, algae suddenly begin to spread very quickly and the event is known as a bloom. Usually blooms are not harmful but some kinds of algae produce poisons. These toxins can be deadly to sea animals and also dangerous to people. When algae bloom, they can change the color of the water as they form dense areas near the surface.
     You may have heard the term "red tide." But experts at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts say this is incorrect. Blooms are not connected with tides and there are not always red. The water can appear brown or greenish. And in fact, some algae can be harmful without changing the color of the water. So instead of red tide, scientists use the term "harmful algal bloom." Algal is the adjective form of alga—a single plant. But they also just say HAB for short.
     The toxins can very quickly kill fish such as herring and anchovies that feed on algae. But even if they survive, they can be dangerous to eat. Not only that, bigger fish that eat the algae eaters may also be dangerous. Some toxins harm only sea life, but others can cause severe stomach and intestinal problems as well as neurological disorders and even death in people. The only way to know whether these toxins are present is through laboratory testing of fish and shellfish.
     Experts say the meaty or hard muscle parts of shrimps, crabs, scallops and lobsters are safe to eat because they do not absorb the poison. But people should not eat the liver or other organs or soft tissues. Also people should not eat other kinds of shellfish during an HAB. These include oysters, clams, mussels and whelks.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall chronically(慢性地) ill when they are in their old age, according to an Austrian scientist. Based on census(人口普查) data collected from more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life span over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy and infections(感染)occurring at different times of the year could have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and affect its life span in old age. "A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer”, said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research, "The mother stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food in the hot weeks of summer. Then, the baby is prone to infections of the digestive system." In Austria adults born in autumn lived about seven months longer than those born in spring; in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern part of the Earth, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. Based on death certificates and census data the study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century. Doblhammer said that the seasonal pattern persists, although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Contrary to what many people believe, highly intelligent children are not necessarily bound to have an academic success. In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart. Ensuring that a gifted child reaches his or her potential requires an understanding of what can go wrong and how to satisfy the unusual learning requirements of extremely bright young people.
     One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart. Such an emphasis can breed a belief that bright people do not have to work hard to do well. Although smart kids may not need to work hard in the lower grades when the work is easy, they may struggle and perform poorly when the work gets harder because they do not make the effort to learn. In some cases, they may not know how to study, having never done it before. In others, they simply cannot accept the fact that some tasks require effort.
     If the scholastic achievement of highly intelligent children remains below average for an extended period, many teachers will fail to recognize their potential. As a result, such students may not get the encouragement they need, and may further be depressed to learn. They may fall far behind in their schoolwork and even develop behavior problems. Boys may turn aggressive or become class clowns (小丑). Girls often develop performance anxiety and other symptoms such as stomachaches.
     One way to avoid such difficulties is to recognize that IQ is just one of the elements for success. Children do well or struggle in school for a host of reasons apart from IQ, according to psychologist Franz Monks of the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. These include motivation and persistence, social competence, and the support of family, educators and friends. Emphasizing the importance of persistence and hard work, for example, will help a child avoid the laziness trap. Gifted children also need intellectual challenges-to teach them how to work hard.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     "Most parents make well-meant efforts to set high goals to motivate and stimulate their children's learning and good behavior,"observes Sam Goldstein, a psychologist specializing in child development at the University of Utah. "But many don't understand their own child's limitations or strengths. 
     In fact, many potentialities and limitations—in intelligence, character and mental health- are laid down prior to birth. We may want our son or daughter to do better than we did at the same age, but if it's not in the cards, or genes, no amount of coaching or coaxing will move them much beyond their natural gifts. In fact, the pressure may have the opposite effect. In most cases, the parents' urge only adds to their children's anxiety.
     Trouble arises when we ignore the signs that a child isn't ready or able to live up to our expectations. If a child is not really good at what his parents are pushing him to do, he will be confronted with failures. And repeated failures may cause some children to set the bar too low for themselves, withdrawing from new experiences and missing out on opportunities to guarantee they won‘t fail again. When a child doesn't meet expectations, the parents may feel anger which shows up as annoyance or frustration. Children may see their parents' disappointment as rejection, and these feelings can lead to hostility, emotional withdrawal, lack of ability and conduct problems or immoral behaviors.
     The bottom line is that we must accept our children for who they are and allow them to become what they will be. But don't misinterpret acceptance as permissiveness. Let children do what they want when they want to; homework must be done, and family rules respected. It comes down to a delicate balance of control and acceptance.
     Often kids will give us the clue we need to help them set and achieve realistic goals. The benefits of taking a realistic view of your child may surprise you. When parents are accepting, loving and supportive, children are often motivated to exceed your expectations.