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中等

阅读选择:阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。

Losing the Race to Keep up with Technology 
     I consider myself very good at using technology such as computers. At least I used to! However, shopping with my wife the other day clearly showed that this was not true.
     My wife and I walked around the store and I picked out a case of beer. As we walked toward the check-out counter, I noticed there were few people standing there.
     The check-out counter was brand new and there was a keyboard in the front that looked like an ATM(自动取款机) machine. When I placed my shopping cart (购物车) near the machine, it detected my presence and spoke to me in the voice of a very nice woman. "Please slide your card on the front glass", it said.
     OK, I thought, I can do this. I am sure I can figure out an automatic(自动的) cashier machine. My wife thought we should find somebody to help us through this new process. "Relax", I said, “I'll have us out of here in a couple of seconds.” Then I took out my card and slid it down the card-slider on the side of the machine. A couple of seconds later the machine asked me to slide my card on the front glass again. I tried again, but failed.
     After a couple of seconds wait, the cashier machine told me I needed help. I was annoyed. By this time a store assistant had noticed that I was having trouble and came over to help. She took the card from my hand and placed it on the glass beside the slider that I had been using. The machine then thanked me even though it knew was not me who had slid the card over the glass. I knew then that I was beaten. 

中等

阅读选择(阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。

     On board the Central America, a ship on her way from Havana to New York, were no fewer than 491 passengers. Most of them were miners (矿工) returning with their gold to their homeland. At the start of the voyage, the sky had been cloudless and the wind fair. Three days later, however, the ship was rolling in a storm. 
     Soon water poured in the engine-room and put out the fires. This left the ship helpless, with her engines stopped. In spite of all efforts, the depth of the water down below slowly increased. It became clear to all that nothing could save the ship, and that she would soon go to the sea bottom.

     Just at moment, a strange sight was seen on board. Some of the miners collected their gold and stored it in their belts. They hoped to take it with them wherever they were going. But others knew that the ship would sink and didn't want to weigh themselves down with the heavy metal. So they threw it onto the floor.
     Unusual courage was shown by nearly all on board. The captain moved about the ship encouraging all.     He sometimes gave orders in attempts to save his ship, and sometimes kept silent, always determined. But all his efforts failed.
     Fortunately, when all hope had gone, another ship, the Marie of Boston, appeared on the scene. The Marie had also suffered heavily in the storm, but her captain immediately arranged to move the people in boats from the Central America to his own ship. The huge waves made the work painfully slow, but there was no disorder: Everyone waited patiently. Finally, all passengers were saved.

中等

阅读选择:阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。

       When her grandmother's health began to get worse in the fall, Mary would make the drive from Washington,DC to Winchester,Virginia,every few days.
       To make the trip to tlie hospital, Mary had to get on highway 81. It was here that she discovered a surprising bit of beauty during one of her trips. Along the middle of the highway, there were a long stretch of wild flowers. They were beautiful and almost poetic (诗意的)in appearance.
       The first time she saw the flowers, Mary was seized by an urge ( 冲动)to pull over. She then stopped her car and picked a bunch from the soil. She carried them into her grandmother’s room when she arrived at the hospital and placed them in a glass by her bed.
       For a moment her grandmother seemed better than usual. She thanked Mary for the flowers, commented on their beauty and asked where she had gotten them. Mary was filled with joy because of the flowerss seeming ability to wake something up inside her sick grandmother.
       Afterwards, Mary would pick a bunch of flowers on her way to visit grandma. Each time Mary placed the flowers in the glass, her grandmother's eyes would light up, and they would have a splendid conversation.
       One morning in late October, Mary got a call that her grandmother had taken a turn for the worse, Mary was in such a hurry to get to her grandmother that she drove past her flower spot. She decided to turn around. She headed several miles back and got a bunch.
       Mary arrived at the hospital to find her grandmother veiy weak and unresponsive (无应答的). She placed the flowers in the glass and sat down to hold her grandmother's hand. She felt a press on her fingers. It was the last conversation they had.

中等

阅读选择(阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4 个选项中选出 1 个最佳选项。)

Make Yourself More Attractive 
       As individuals, we judge just about everything on appearance. But we do not just see, we also feel. We have feelings that run deep. Sometimes our emotions run hot, at other times cold. Though, often, we do not feel until we see.
       When we see someone who looks good, our heart beats fast. When we see an attractive meal, we feel hungry. When we see a picture of a loved one who has passed on, we may begin to feel sad or lonely. Our eyes are more than just a visual perception(视觉感知). They are the reflection of who we are.
       There are many ways to improve our appearance. Smiling more is one of them. It will make less attractive people more pleasant. At the same time, smiling will make beautiful people appear to be more approachable. In addition to smiling, the less attractive should also work on achieving a more confident walk. People will be drawn to you because of the confidence that you show. 
       Do not take on the perceptions of others. Do not force yourself to become a product of how they see you. If you are extremely beautiful, do not be too proud. Be pleasant to all of those you come in contact with. Speak positive words to others. If you are less attractive, do not have any feelings of low self-esteem(自信). 
       Someone once said “it is beauty which captures(抓住) your attention; personality which captures your heart.” Keep this in mind as you continue to perfect your outside. And remember that if you do not change your inside, all of your hard work will be in vain.

中等

阅读选择(第 1~5 题。阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项中选出 1 个最佳选项。)

Bessie Coleman 
       Bessie was born in Atlanta,Texas in 1893.Her father was an Indian and her mother an African American.Her father left the family when she was seven.At such a young age,Bessie picked cotton.She also took on extra washing and ironing to help her mother meet family expenses.
       After finishing high school,Bessie went to Chicago to stay with a younger brother.She became interested in aviation (飞行) shortly after World War Ⅰ.But because of her sex and color she could not enroll (注册入学) in an aviation school in the US.Later,a newspaper editor told her that the only path left open to her would be an aviation school in Europe.She then made two trips to Europe.She studied under top German and French pilots,and returned to Chicago with an international pilot’s license.Bessie became the only black woman pilot in the world.
       Her work as a pilot took her into a field untouched by women in her day.This field was exhibition flying.In 1922,Bessie gave her first exhibition flying show.Several thousand eager fans came to see the unusual show.She went on giving air shows all over the US.She gained national attention and thousands of fans of all races.She was not discouraged by words from her family or seeing the death of a student pilot.Nor did suffering a broken leg and arm in an air crash scare her.
       Letters poured in from young black people.Like Bessie,they wanted to go into the field of aviation.Long before her first exhibition,Bessie dreamed of setting up a flying school for blacks.Unfortunately,she died in a flight accident before her dream was realized.

中等

阅读选择:阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。 

Mysteries of the Sea 
     The sea is the largest unknown part of our world. Much of this vast blanket of water is still to be discovered.
     Luckily, no single nation has to learn all about the ocean by itself. The world sea is owned by no one; it surrounds the earth and belongs to us all. Scientists in many different countries are working to explain its mysteries.
     Some are studying ways of bringing the oceans huge supply of water to the deserts of the world. Others are studying the ways in which sound travels and is affected by water and heat. What happens when sea water touches different elements (元素) is another subject of study. These are just a few of the questions which ocean scientists are working on.
     One of the most interesting projects in oceanography(海洋学) is the work of mapping the ocean floor. Only a very small part of it has been mapped. This was not important when only surface ships sailed the world’s oceans, but it can mean the difference between life and death to men in ships going underwater.
     Long ago there was only one way to find out how deep the ocean was. A seaman would throw a heavy rope over the side of his ship. Then he pulled the rope up after it had reached the bottom. But this was not a very accurate way of measuring.
     In the 20th century, a better way was found. Sound was used to measure the ocean. An American Navy ship sailed into a narrow area of water to do an experiment. Seamen dropped some equipment that would produce a loud noise when it hit the bottom. And a little instrument measured the time it took for the sound to reach the ship. This has helped scientists map the ocean floor. 

中等

阅读选择(第 1~5 题。阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4 个选项中选出 1 个最佳选项。)

The Story of Milton Hershey 
        Almost every kid in the US has eaten a famous Hershey chocolate bar.But few people know that the Hershey chocolate factory is only about 100 years old.Even fewer know that its founder,Milton Hershey,had suffered many failures before he started his famous company.
        Milton grew up in the farm country of Pennsylvania.He was first trained to become a printer.After working for a small newspaper for a short time,he decided that printing was not for him.Then he got a job at a candy factory.After a few years,he decided to open his own little candy business. But this first business had to close down because it was not making money.Then,Milton travelled to Denver to learn how to make caramels (黄油奶糖).He took his new skills to New York City and sold candies on the street.But this second business also failed.

         Soon afterwards,he moved back to his hometown.There he experimented with all sorts of candies and chocolates.By 1893,he was selling a million dollars’worth of caramel candy each year.Since his chocolate-flavored (巧克力口味的) caramels were the best-selling,he decided to make chocolate himself.He learned how to make delicious chocolate by adding fresh milk.His milk chocolate turned out to be a great success.So he sold his caramel factory and focused on making chocolate only.

         In 1903,Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and an entire town to go with it.Today,the town of Hershey is still the home of the Hershey chocolate factory.You can smell the delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.

中等

阅读下面短文,请从短文后各题所给的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。
     Sleeping is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic(脑电图仪的)sense we share it with all the primates(灵长类动物)and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles(爬行动物).
     There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators(食肉动物)are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized(使固定不动)and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli, Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones.
     Why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wiles Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true. 

中等

阅读下面短文,请从短文后各题所给的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。
     After 10 seasons wearing the No.8 on his back, Kobe Bryant will become No. 24 next season. The reason for the surprising decision by the Los Angeles Lakers super guard last week has become a hot topic for debate.
     Bryant wore No. 24 when he was in early high school, but he changed to No.33 in his senior year. He switched to No.8 when he was selected by the Lakers in 1996, and has not been changed since.
     Bryant has refused to explain the decision until the end of the play-offs. So guessing Bryant's motive has become a popular game among NBA fans and newspaper columnists.
     There are all kinds of speculations. Many say that Bryant wants to leave the past behind and have a fresh start. He has often been criticized for playing to benefit himself and not the team as a whole. Others say that he may be trying to compare himself to Michael Jordan. Jordan was famous for his No.23 jersey. Some, such as NBC Sport columnist Michael Ventre, argue that it is"all about money". Bryant will make more money by selling new jerseys to his fans.
     Some speculations are more about fun. For example, there is an opinion that Kobe is actually just a diehard fan of the popular TV drama "24".
     All this talk has turned the number change into a major issue. It seems that there is a lot of fuss over something that should be pretty simple.
     Jersey numbers have their own special significance in American sports, especially basketball. Players choose their number when they join a team and they usually stick with that number for the rest of their career. When a great player retires, his team will honor him by retiring his number.
     To some extent, the jersey is the player, and the player is the jersey. Thus, when you see the famous No.23 for the Chicago Bulls, you immediately think about Michael Jordan. A No. 32 Miami Heats jersey recalls the image of Shaquille O'Neal, and the Houston Rockets' No. 11 belongs only to Yao Ming.
     Lots of stories are behind players' jersey number selections. Jordan said that he chose No.23 because it was roughly half of 45. Jordan's elder brother wore the No. 45 in college. Yao Ming once revealed that the No. 11 stands for two people in love-meaning him and his girlfriend Ye Li.

中等

阅读下面短文,请从短文后各题所给的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选择一个最佳答案 。
     As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, “Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you". If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new, send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to have met them.
     The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based on the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurt. Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, " Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "The person might have a hidden agenda". With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends.
     If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries , you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favorably and feel better.

中等

阅读判断(第 1~10 题。下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择 C。)

Working in Germany 
       Juan Morales is 19 years old.He has left his parents who live on a small farm in Spain.He now works in a car plant in Germany.Every 30 seconds,a car rolls past Juan on a production line.Juan must dive into the open trunk of the car and tighten (拧紧) two bolts (螺栓).Two times a minute,Juan must tighten these same two bolts on every car that comes by on the line.
       Juan has done this job on every working day for six months.When he goes back to his rented room at the end of each day,he is very tired.Sometimes he will go out for supper with other Spanish workers.But supper in a restaurant costs money,and Juan is trying to save money.Often he just cooks supper in his home and eats alone.
       Juan is there because there is plenty of work in Germany—more work than there are workers to fill the jobs.Because of this,few German workers have to take a job like Juan’s.But people from some other countries are eager to do the work because wages are high in Germany.
       Juan does not spend all his money. Every payday,he goes to the post office and puts half his pay in the savings bank.Then he sends about a quarter of the money back home.The rest is enough to live on — if he is careful.In two and a half more years,Juan will have saved enough money to open a store near his parents’village.Then he will have enough money to get married and set up a home. 

中等

阅读判断:下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及。选择C。

Go for It! 
       While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across quite a sight. It was not a world record broken, but a show of determination.
       The event was swimming and started with only three men on the blocks. For one reason or another,two of them false started,so they were disqualified (取消资格). That left only one to compete. It would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is what’s important.
       I watched the man dive off the block and knew right away that he was not out for gold. His arms were flailing (乱摆)in an attempt at. freestyle. Ciearly this man was not a medal competitor.
       I listened to the crowd begin to laugh at this poor man who was clearly having a hard time. Fixially he made his turn to.start back. You could tell he was tired out. 

       But in those few difficult strokes (划动),the crowd had changed.
       No longer were they laughing, but beginning to cheer. Some even began to stand and shouted things like,“Come on, you can do it!” and “Go for it!” He did.
       When this young man finally finished his race, the crowd went wild. You would have thought that he had won the gold, and he should have. Even though he recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history, this man did his best.
       Just a short year ago, he had never even swum, let alone raced. His country had been asked to Sydney as a polite gesture. But this man gave his all: he knew that he had no chance, but he competed because of the spirit of the games.

中等

阅读判断:下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。

 Girls Playing on Boys' Sports Teams 

     In the US today, more than 100,000 girls play sports once considered to be “boys only”. Girl players have chances to play almost any sport they want thanks to laws that require leagues to welcome girls. Some of these girls have become leaders on boy’s teams.
     In some cases, however, girls playing on boy’s teams have caused argument especially in contact sports, such as baseball, football and wrestling(摔跤). Cassy Herkelman, 15, wrestles for her high school team in Cedar Falls, Iowa. Lean, quick and strong, Cassy has won dozens of matches against boys. But in 2011,at the Iowa State Wrestling Championships, one of her rivals, Joel Northrup, refused to wrestle her. "Wrestling is a contact sport", he said later. "I do not believe that it is suitable for a boy to compete against a girl in this manner”.
     Joel's decision to give up the match was unusual. Most boys who play with girls say they quickly forget that they are competing with or against a girl. Though girls tend to be smaller and less strong than boys, there is no evidence that they are more likely to suffer injury.
     Still, some people insist that girls should stay on their own teams. They say allowing girls to take part in boys' sports could hurt girls' teams by drawing away some of the top players. Besides, it isn't fair to boys, who must risk the shame of losing to a girl.
     In fact, many experts believe that there should be more chances for boys and girls to compete together and against each other. In school and at work later in life they must learn to work together and to respect each other's different skills and strengths. 

中等

下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断,如果该句提 供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。

Benefits of Friendship 
     A lot of research has been done looking into the benefits of friendship, and the research has found exactly what you might expect. It turns out that the better quality relationships you have, the more likely you are to be happy. Therefore, it's good for your happiness to be a great friend to someone and to have a group of good friends supporting you. But it can be hard to say exactly what makes a good friend.
     Friends will come and go in your life, but more important than how long a friendship lasts is that a good friend will love you forever. The way you can tell the sign of a good friend is by looking at the actions they take-big and small-that show they care. Some practical things you can do to be there for a friend include:
     Listen. Listening is so important not to underestimate, but it can be hard to do. The best way to listen is to try to understand the situation from your friends' point of view. If you aim to do this,you'll naturally find yourself beginning to ask the right sort of questions and they will appreciate having someone who really cares about how they feel and what they're going through. You don't have to have all the answers, and you shouldn't assume your friend wants advice-they might just want to talk so that they can work out what they're going to do themselves.
     Ask them what they need. If you're worried about someone and you want to be there for them, just ask them what they need-that way you know what they find helpful during tough times, and you can be there in a way that's most useful to them.
     Get physical. Smiles and hugs are a great way to show friends that they're not alone, that you're there for them, and that they are important.
     Keep in touch. Even if you guys aren't nearby each other, making an effort to keep in touch through Facebook, emails, texts and calls will show your friend you are there for them.
     Tell them how you feel. You don't have to make a big deal of it all the time but sometimes there are moments where letting someone know that they're important to you through something you say can make a big difference to how someone is feeling.
     Get the facts. If your friend has a medical condition or a mental health issue, a good way to offer support is to learn about what they've been diagnosed with. Taking an interest in what they're going through shows that you care, and that you're planning to stick around no matter what's going on.
     Be willing to make a tough call. If you think the safety of your friend is at risk, you might need to act without their consent and get help. It can be a hard choice particularly when you're worried about their reaction, but remember that you are acting because you care and you don't want them to be hurt.

中等

阅读判断(第 1~10 题。下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子,请根据 短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择 C。)

The Truth about Left-Handed People 
       About 90% of people in the world today are right-handed.The other 10% are left-handed,including Obama,the President of the US.Every day,left-handed folks quietly face problems.It could be something as simple as driving a car or using a can opener.
       Why are so few of us left-handed?One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could be a result of genetics.Scientists say that there are two genes (基因) associated with handedness.One is the D gene.It is more frequent in the population and promotes (促成) right-hand preference.The other is the C gene.It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand.When the C gene is present,there is a 50% chance that a person could be right- or left-handed.
       Another theory has to do with human brains,which are made up of two halves.If the left half is more powerful,then one is most likely right-handed.But with left-handers,it is more complicated. Seventy percent of them are also left-brain dominant (占优势的). The other 30% have right-side dominant brains.
       During the 18th and 19th centuries,left-handedness was considered a disability.But not all of the myths about left-handers are bad.One myth suggests that they are more creative and smarter than the right-handers.So far scientific research has yet to find any truth to these claims. In fact, a 2013 survey out of New Zealand found that left-handers and right-handers were the same.
       Life might be a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a piece of paper or opening a bottle of wine. However, it seems to be a good sign if you are trying to make it to the White House.

中等

阅读判断(下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择 C。)

 A Girl Chess Champion 
        In the year 2000, a smiling girl from Guntur, India, created a record. Koneru Humpy, who turned 13 on March 31 that year, won the under-14 boys ’ title in the National Children Chess Championship. She became the first Indian female player to win a boys’ title.
        Humpy was born in 1987. She began playing chess at the age of six in 1993. She picked up the finer points of the game so well that one year later, in 1994, she won the very first tournament (锦标赛) she played in. 
        Humpy was trained by her father, Ashok Koneru, a chess player himself. He stopped teaching chemistry at a college to concentrate on coaching his daughter.  After he left his job, he faced financial problems while training and travelling with his young daughter. But the local government came to his financial aid. The Bank of Baroda sponsored (赞助) Humpy and gave her a desk-top computer. Now she has a notebook computer as well, which she carries for tournaments.
        Humpy practices for six hours daily with her father. Her preparation is mostly on the chess-board. Now she has started preparing with computers, like many seniors do. The  eighth-grade student of Guntur has also been greatly encouraged by her school. She is given time to prepare for chess and her teachers give her special classes. With such support, Humpy is sure to win many more chess titles in her career. 

中等

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Away from Home 
     Cristobal Martin was born in Granada, Spain, 38 years ago. "Granada is the most beautiful city in the world, "says Mr. Martin. "Its sun is warm and its air is clear. "Today, Mr. Martin works in Germany, where the weather is often cold and rainy. But in Germany, he works in a factory and makes a much better pay. “In Granada, there is very little industry. I was only a farm worker. When the German company came and offered me a job, I took it right away." Mr. Martin works in a chemical factory. He works from 7: 00 am to 4: 00 pm. From 10: 00 pm to 1: 00 am, he has another job cleaning out the office of a doctor in his neighborhood.
     Mr. Martin does not speak much German. "I wish I had time to go to school and learn more. It would be easier to live here. I have sat with the same men at lunch every day for four years, and we never talk to each other. They think of me as a 'foreigner', "he says.
     After work, Mr. Martin rides home on the bicycle he brought with him from Spain. “I live in a small room that I don’t like very much. But I know that a better room is not why I came to Germany. ”Mr. Martin hopes that in two years he will have enough money to return home. “I want to open up a small shop, find a wife, and have a satisfactory life for me and my family.”
     Mr. Martin lives in a neighborhood with Italians and Spanish people. "We think alike," he says, "and we don't mind the noise of the wives and children that the Germans complain about. I am thankful for the jobs Germany has given me. But Germany is not the proper place for me. It is not my home.” 

中等

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The Greatest Gift

     One day, I was telling my mother about a new girl in school. Suddenly she asked, “Who are your two best friends, Helen?”
     “Jill and Jaime.”
     “Well, what about Karen and Cindy?”
     “I don’t know who their best friends are.”
     “No,” she said. “I mean, why aren’t they your best friends?” She seemed upset and hurt.
     “But they’re my sisters.”
     “Yes, but they can still be your best friends. Friends may come and go, but your sisters will always be there for you.”
     At the time, the idea of my sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me. We used to fight over toys, food, attention and what to watch on television. But my mother never let the three of us forget it: sisters are lifelong friends. Her wish was to give us something that she had never had. When she gave birth to three daughters, the fulfillment(实现) of her dream had only just begun. She had given us each a gift—our sisters—and she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted. She would frequently tell us how lucky we were, constantly take us to places together so we grew closer, and would even punish us equally, giving us yet another bonding (亲密关系)experience.
     It was somewhere in between Mom’s lectures, the family vacations and the shared memories that we realized that Mom was right. Today I share things with my sisters that I share with no one else. My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together, side by side, holding hands when crossing the finishing line. When Karen got married, I was her maid of honor. The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets.
     It was twenty-three years ago that my mother first ask me who my two best friends were. Today she doesn’t have to. She already knows.

中等

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Why We Need Vacations 
      There's more to a vacation than can be described in travel books. We certainly need breaks from work. But there is even more to be said for a get-away break, leaving all daily work behind and living a different life for a short time.
      The benefits of taking a vacation start long before the suitcases are packed. A. vacation, is something to look forward to. It gives us the sense that whatever is happening at the moment will end soon.
      Companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore(恢复) motivation and team relationships. If you’re able to switch off and leave your daily work behind, when you come back, you often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new way.
      People don’t disappear while on Vacation. We’re still thinking and feeling the whole time we’re away. What really makes the difference is not simply getting away from the daily work; it’s being able to do something else instead. We might speak to people we wouldn't normally meet, try sports we'd not do otherwise, and discover interests we never knew we had.
      Vacations also allow us to focus on the present in a way that's hard to do at home. When you’re in a new environment for a short time, your attention tends to be on what's happening right now and in the next few days. Being Min the moment" is in itself one of the keys to getting relaxed, and this happens more naturally on vacation.
      Every vacation is an adventure full of potential discoveries. Perhaps more than anything else, vacations enable us to raise our eyes from familiar paths so that we can look around and see that there’s a world out there.

中等

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     Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent's most endangered carnivores, it's a matter of life and death. New research shows that once packs fall below a certain size, there are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.
     The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss, persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3,000 to 5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.
     Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason. The dog's weakness lies in its social organization.
     Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed.
     The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperate to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.
     Because pups can't keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators, which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries cost. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.
     Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able
to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions-which itself carries a cost to the pack
     Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.
     A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle, says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack." And deaths caused by human activity, says Courehamp, may be what reduces pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold.
     Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London's Institute of Zoology agrees..Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in preserving the species, he says.