Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     My top priorities are school, sports and my family. Track and tennis are the sports I enjoy most. During the track season, I have practice Monday through Friday, mostly at 7: 30 a. m. Tennis is a yearlong sport for me, and I never get a break. I don't mind this, and look forward to practices, which are three hours, three times a week. The only thing I dislike about running and tennis is when they conflict. It pains me whenever I have to choose between them.
     I also take school extremely seriously. I am a straight-A student and am looking to keep this up. Unlike many parents, mine do not get angry if I get a grade lower than an A. They simply advise me to go talk to my teachers to find out if there is any work I could do to bring the grade up. I appreciate this because it seems as though I get enough criticism from myself.
     One of my greatest struggles is trying to find time to spend with my family and friends. I hate that something has to be sacrificed. For me, that thing is my friends. At times my friends get angry with me, which annoys me because I really want to hang out with them but can't because of my time constraints. I wish they knew that I miss them. I also long for the nights when I used to relax with my family. Now I come home from meets and practices to eat and finish homework. Many times I am exhausted.
     It may sound as though there must be someone making me live in this manner. Well, there is: me. I choose to spend my time this way, even though it may mean less time for friends, family and relaxing. Call me crazy, but the reason for my overscheduled lifestyle is the love I have for all my chosen activities. Just like with my schooling, I have long-term goals for the sports with which I am involved. Those goals drive me to keep up the hard work. I enjoy what I do, not planning to stop anytime soon.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

Dear Sir,
     I am writing to make a strong complaint about the impolite treatment my guests and I received when we had a dinner party in your restaurant-Greenwich Restaurant last Saturday, December 18.
     I booked a table for dinner by telephone last Thursday and we were assured that there would be room for us. We know that there must be great demand for restaurant meals at this time of the year in such a popular and historic area, but we were not expecting such an ill-mannered reception on the part of your head waiter. My colleagues and I all felt rather hurt and angry.
     The unpleasant experience goes like this our Russian friends were currently touring the 'Shakespeare's Country' and were looking forward to a traditional English dinner in such a charming setting. But our hope for an enjoyable evening out was instantly spoilt when your head waiter informed us that he had received no booking in our name and, so, no table was reserved for our party. My colleagues and I protested at this and asked to speak to the Manager, who, we were told, was unavailable.
     Your staff then offered us a table which we had to share with a couple and no effort was made to smooth over the unpleasantness we had experienced. We also had to wait some considerable time before the menu was brought to us.
     I trust you will give this complaint your prompt attention as the whole embarrassing incident was a great disappointment to our guests and set a bad example of our English hospitality(好客).

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     It is a cold March evening on a farm in South England. Outside, 2000 sheep are standing in the fields. Most of them will give birth to lambs in the following weeks. Inside, their shepherds（牧羊人） are sitting in the warm watching TV.
     You might think that the shepherds are neglecting their duty by resting in comfort. However, if you look at the television more closely, you would see that the shepherds are protecting the sheep.
     It is part of an experiment to try to increase the survival rate of new lambs. In the past, the shepherds stayed out with their sheep, walking round and helping the mother sheep to give birth. In this experiment, television cameras are used to scan the sheep, and the shepherds are looking at a television monitor which is automatically controlled.
     The system has several advantages. Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth. Instead, they can stay inside, watching by remote control. If there is no problem, they stay away from the sheep. But when they are needed they can quickly go out to help, or to scare away foxes. The experiment is popular with shepherds because it means that they do not have to spend all their time outdoors waiting for the lambs to arrive in freezing weather.
     The monitoring system is rented for the few months when the lambs are born. The cost is high, but the farm manager estimates that, since lambs are so valuable, and if about ten more lambs are saved than in a usual year, the experiment will be financially worthwhile. At the same time, the experiment may show that it is possible to make a saving in manpower, especially when a large number of sheep are involved.

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     All ESL(English as a Second Language) writing teachers can find a valuable resource in pictures: drawings, photographs, slides, cartoons, magazine advertisements, graphs, tables, charts and maps. First of all, pictures provide a shared experience for students in class, a common base that leads to a variety of language activities. When students write about a personal topic like "My most frightening experience," the material is not shared. Except for predicting the use of the past tense, there is little that the teacher can do to prepare a whole class to deal with the vocabulary and sentence patterns that the writers will need. With a picture, however, all students, after close observation of the material, will immediately need the appropriate vocabulary, idioms and sentence structures to discuss what they see. Pictures are also valuable in that they provide for the use of a common vocabulary and common language forms. In addition, a picture can be the basis for not just one task but many, ranging from fairly mechanical controlled compositions, sentence-combining exercises, or sequencing of sentences to the writing of original dialogues, letters, reports or essays. Thus, a whole series of connected activities can be generated from the source of one picture. Finally, because everybody likes to look at pictures, their use in the classroom provides a stimulating focus for students' attention. Pictures bring the outside world into the classroom in a vividly concrete way. In short, a picture is a valuable resource as it provides a shared experience, a need for common language forms to use, a variety of tasks and a focus of interest for students.

阅读选择
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     The intelligence test used most often today are based on the work of a Frenchman, Alfred Binet. In 1905, Binet was asked by the French Ministry of Education to develop a way to identify those children in French schools who were too “mentally deficient（不足的）”to benefit from ordinary schooling and who needed special education. The tests had to distinguish those who were merely behind in school from those who were actually mentally deficient.
     The items that Binet and his colleague Theophile Simon included on the test were chosen on the basis of their ideas about intelligence. Binet and Simon believed intelligence includes such abilities as understanding the meaning of words; solving problems, and making commonsense judgements. Two other important assumptions also shaped Binet’s and Simon’s work: （1） that children with more intelligence will do better in school and （2） that older children have a greater ability than younger children.
     Binet’s first test consisted of thirty tasks. They were simple things most children learn as a result of their everyday experiences. The tasks were arranged in groups， according to age. Binet decided which tasks were appropriate for a given age group by giving them first to a large number of children of different ages. If more than half of the children of a given age passed a test， it was considered appropriate for that age group.

阅读选择
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     There were many different cultures in the ancient world, but the two that had the most influence on European and American civilizations were the Greek and the Roman. Often these two cultures are lumped together in our minds, as if they were really exactly alike. But that is not the case. In many ways the Greeks and the Romans could not have been more different.
     The Greeks were truly democratic, often without a single leader but instead governed by a group of men chosen by the people. The Romans were semi-democratic. They had a governing Senate, but the political power was mostly or completely in the hands of a single emperor.
     Both cultures were great builders. But the construction interests of the two cultures were also different. The Greeks tended to be more artistic. Their buildings were well constructed and they were especially interested in temples, columns, and decorative forms. The Romans, on the other hand, were more engineers than artists. They concentrated their efforts on urban planning, well-functioning water pipes, and the best roads.
     Only in cooking and eating habits are the two cultures really similar. Both peoples ate very well indeed: lots of fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, healthy meals, holding at the same time long discussions and tasting excellent wines.
     In fact, it would probably be fair to say that they both loved life in their warm, sea-oriented climates, and they both lived a full life.

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Although no one is certain why migration occurs, there are several theories. One theory is based upon the premise that prehistoric birds of the Northern Hemisphere were forced south during the Ice Age, when glaciers covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. As the glaciers melted, the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again as the ice advanced in winter. In time, the migration became a habit, and now, although the glaciers have disappeared, the habit continues.
     Another theory proposes that the ancestral home of all modern birds was the tropics. When the region became overpopulated, many species were crowded north. During the summer, there was plenty of food, but during the winter, scarcity forced them to return to the tropics.
     A more recent theory, known as photoperiodism, suggests a relationship between increasing daylight and the stimulation, of certain glands in the birds’ bodies that may prepare them for migration. One scientist has been able to cause midwinter migrations by exposing birds to artificial periods of daylight. He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

My Science Teacher

​①    Usually when people decide to be teachers, they go to college, get a degree, and find a job at a school. They prepare lesson plans, give out homework, and make up tests. To them, it is just a job, a way to make a living. But for my science teacher, Mrs. Cook, teaching is not just her job; it's who she is. She teaches through her heart. 

②    She has so much enthusiasm in her lessons. She is the one who goes out late at night to buy 10 pounds of sugar for our experiments. She brings in water from the nearby canal to make her point, and to make us remember the lesson. She makes us think that each new fact could change our lives.
③    Mrs. Cook wants all of us to do well in school. She tries to reach each student. She neither ignores the sleeping kid in the back, nor lets the problem students alone. She shows special concern to slow students, and often helps them after school. None of us can slip away from her attention.
④    Middle school is probably one of the hardest times of our lives. We change friends so often, and fight with our parents constantly. But Mrs. Cook has made this year so much better for us than it could have been. We know that if we had to turn to anybody, it would be her. And I'm not alone in feeling this way; she is a role model for our whole class.
⑤    Science had never been my favorite subject. I had never borrowed science books. I had never performed experiments in my home. But this year, it's the science class that I don't mind waking up for, the test I don't mind taking. I have Mrs. Cook to thank for that. She has taught us so much more than just a single subject.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     This green and blue planet spinning in space is under severe stress. If we continue to exploit the planet at the present rate, human and animal life will be threatened. Human pride will be followed by nature's punishment. To save our earth and ourselves, we need first develop an unbiased understanding of ourselves, nature and life.
     Everyone understands the meaning of the sentence "Man should respect animal life and nature". But the exact meaning of man, nature and animal life is not always clear. Many refer to man and animals as if they were essentially different. I consider man to be an animal and only differing in degree and not in kind from other animals. Although I discuss in conventional terms human rights and animal rights as if they were separate, strictly speaking, human rights should be considered a branch of animal rights.
     The word "nature" is one of the most complex words in the language, but it has developed three main areas of meaning. These are, first, the essential quality and character of something (as in human nature, or the nature of wood); second, the inherent force: which influences the world (as in Mother Nature); third, the entire world itself. The last can be taken to include or to exclude human beings, as the phrase man and the natural world implies.
     I consider humans to be an integral part of nature, although they are also the beings most capable of interfering with its processes. Unfortunately a central drive of Western "man" has been to conquer “nature”, as if it were an object separate from him. Hence it has become common to distinguish between what is natural (existing without man's interference) and artificial (man-made). In this way, natural growth is opposed to education, civilization to the natural state. For many urban people living permanently among concrete and glass, nature itself has come to mean little more than the countryside. And this notion of opposition is where the seed of potential destruction lies.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     My drop-out started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that, when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She changed her mind a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
     And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
     It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. And much of what I stumbled into turned out to be priceless later on.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom（出生高峰期）continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada's history, in the decade before 1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population but the expansion was also the result of earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world.
     After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until 1966. Partly this decline reflected changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; and rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling into step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
     Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966, another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     In 1945, Reuben, a 12-year-old boy, saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing. The price—five dollars—was beyond his means, but he went inside the shop anyway. Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack（面粉袋）shirt and washed-out trousers, he asked the shopkeeper to hold it for him for some time. “I'll try,” the shopkeeper smiled.
     Reuben decided to raise the five dollars. Hearing the sound of hammering from a side street, he suddenly had an idea. People built their own homes in Bay Roberts, using nails purchased in sacks from a local factory. The sacks were sometimes discarded and Reuben knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece.
     Every day after school, Reuben went around the town, collecting nail sacks. When the school closed for the summer, Reuben wandered around the town, searching for his treasures. Often he was tired and hungry, but the thought of the object in the shop window kept him going. Sometimes his mother Dora would ask: “Reuben, where were you? We were waiting for you to have dinner.”
     “Playing, Mum. Sorry.”
     Dora would look at his face and shake her head. Boys.
     One day in spring, he counted the coins and found that he needed 20 cents more. Could there be any sacks left anywhere in town? He had to find four and sell them before the day ended.
     When Reuben arrived at the factory in the late aftemoon, the sack buyer was about to lock up. “Mister! Please don't close up yet.” The man turned and saw Reuben, dirty and sweat-stained.
     With four more coins in his pocket, Reuben headed for the shop and got what he wanted. Racing home, he burst through the front door. “Here, Mum! Here!” He exclaimed as he ran to her side. He placed a small box in her work-roughened hand.
     Dora unwrapped it carefully, to save the paper. A blue-velvet jewel box appeared. She lifted the lid and saw an almond-shaped brooch（胸针）with the word “Mother.” It was Mother's Day, 1946. Dora had no jewels except her wedding ring. Speechless, she smiled radiantly and gathered her son into her arms.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     We all know that humans are damaging the environment, but what can we do about it? Some people are trying to do their bit to be more environmentally friendly.
     Local councils in Britain encourage certain aspects of green living, such as recycling paper, tin, plastic and glass. They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites(填埋场), because they are running out of places to dump (倾倒) rubbish. In some areas rubbish for recycling is collected from your doorstep, but in other areas, you have to take it to a special recycling place, such as a bottle bank.
     Another way of reducing the amount of rubbish you create is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones. For example, some people use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries instead of plastic carrier bags, or use washable nappies instead of disposables.
     More people are becoming interested in reducing their carbon footprint—the amount of carbon they use up. They try to reduce their carbon emissions (释放) by cycling, using public transport or an electric car, rather than driving gas-consuming vehicles. Some people choose not to fly for holiday trips because planes are the biggest producers of carbon emissions.
     You can make 'green' choices when buying food too. It's best to buy food which was locally grown or produced so that it hasn't been imported by air, or shipped by road from far away.
     Houses can be environmentally friendly too. It takes less energy to heat a house if it has good insulation(绝缘,隔热) and double glazing(双层玻璃). You can also create your own energy if you have solar panels or a wind turbine fitted though these can be expensive. You can also save water by using a rain water container for washing the car or watering the garden. It's even possible to use a system where 'grey water'—water which has been through a tap(水龙头)once already, is used flush (冲洗) toilets. Some new housing projects are being built specifically to be as environmentally friendly as possible.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     American scientists have found that some birds are more intelligent than believed. They say birds have abilities that involve communication and different kinds of memory. In some unusual cases, their abilities seem better than those of humans.
     The findings were presented at the annual conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The scientists met for six days last month in Boston, Massachusetts.
     Irene Pepperberg presented her research about a grey parrot named Griffin. He lives in her laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. Pepperberg says Griffin can arrange objects in order of size. The talking bird also can combine words in the right order. For example, he will combine words when asking for food. The researcher says that only humans and other mammals with large brains used to be considered to have the ability to combine objects and words. She believes that birds are able to understand that complex tasks must be done in the correct order. Some birds have other memory skills. For example, they collect and store thousands of seeds in autumn, and find them later in winter.
     Alan Kamil and Alan Bond of the University of Nebraska are studying the memories of birds called jays and nutcrackers. Their experiments suggest that these birds use natural objects to find the seeds they have stored. They found these birds use at least three objects, such as rocks or trees, to find the stored seeds. Kamil also trained a jay to choose one object instead of another. The bird used this skill to receive prize, such as food. Scientists say some birds can learn as many as two thousand different songs. They say songs may have developed as a way for birds to communicate with other birds.
     Verner Bingman of Bowling Green State University in Ohio also presented his research at the science conference in Boston. Bingman believes that birds must have a special guidance system in their brain. He says that understanding how a bird's brain operates may help us better understand the way a human brain processes information.

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     As a communications specialist, I teach my students to become more aware of interpersonal communication such as symbolic behavior, use of words, and nonverbal mannerisms. My goal is to place symbols in their minds so we can come to a point of agreement on language.
     I immensely enjoy the work because life is becoming more this way—persuade people to accept your point of view. We are both communicating and persuadable animals. It's not unethical and I train my students in an ethical manner.
     Many of my peers（同行）have left the academic world and taken up positions in business. They tend to become human resources officers. Happiness in job behavior is directly related to profits. If you get your employees to trust you, then you will increase your profits. This is why professionals in my field are so highly valued.
     Many famous psychologists reach over into communications and many study my field so they can learn more about interpersonal relationships. Whether it's John Miller at the office or Bill Clinton attending a political fundraiser, communications is important in everything we do.
     The majority of research is centered around conflict communication. There is definitely a strong desire to learn the proper steps to be taken to maintain a cool, rational process. I believe the increase in interest in communications can be traced to the Cuban missile crisis.
     Our research has made great strides in a relatively short period of time. We now know that it is sometimes truly more effective to have a spokesperson with a robotic, or monotonous tone. This type of spokespersons is often most effective in crisis situations because their relative lack of emotion can signal that heads are remaining cool and problems are being dealt with effectively. This was illustrated wonderfully by the U.S. military spokespeople during the first Persian Gulf War.
     While we have studied military communication, we have most of our work in the area of business communications. We now regularly consult companies on how to conduct job interviews. We have learned that most interviewers make up their minds about a job candidate within the first five minutes of the interview. We have also discovered why this is so and we will tell companies what is productive and counterproductive about these interviews, and hiring managers. We also conduct work on how to handle other business issues such as earnings releases and product recalls.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka are a young Japanese couple living in the USA while Yoshio studies electrical engineering. They clearly love each other very deeply, but, says Yoshio, “We didn't marry for love in the Western sense. We got married in the time-honored Japanese way. Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker. In Japan we believe that marriage is something that affects the whole family, not just the young couple concerned. So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background, education and so on. Matchmakers are usually middle-aged women who keep lists of suitable young people with information about their families, education and interests. When our parents thought it was time for us to get married they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions. We discussed the details and looked at the photos she sent, and then our parents asked her to arrange a ‘marriage interview’ for the two of us.”
     A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place, such as a hotel or restaurant, and is attended by the boy and the girl, their parents and the matchmaker. Information about the couple and the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea and a meal. Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to know each other. When they return home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they want to meet again or not. If both of them want a second meeting, the matchmaker arranges it, and after that they can decide whether to carry on the courtship themselves. Here Hiromi said with a gentle smile, "Not so long ago, the girl could never refuse to go out again with a boy who liked her, but now she can. I thought Yoshio was really nice, so I didn’t refuse.”
     Yoshio continued: “When our parents realized we were serious about each other, they started to make arrangements for our wedding. My family paid the ‘Yuino’ money to Hiromi’s. This money is to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up house afterwards. We also gave her family a beautiful ornament to put in the best room of their house, so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry. Six months after our first meeting we were married. A traditional Japanese wedding is a wonderful ceremony, and our traditional custom of arranged marriage has given me a wonderful wife.”

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。     

     The dark smoke that comes out of stacks or from a burning dump contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us ill. 

     Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow” from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. 
     Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory diseases. In London, in 1952, four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the small town of Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty people died in a four-day period of bad air pollution.
     As levels often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung disease, such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses too, but these cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pollution can cause both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don't know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells.
     These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals we are apt to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. 
     Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soils and corrodes our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is astronomical. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

       The sea is very big. Look at a map of the world. There is less land than sea. The sea covers three quarters of the world. 
     ①The sea is very deep in some places. There is one spot, near Japan, where the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep. The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it.  

     ② If you have swum in the sea, you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are less salty than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. Because it is very salty, swimmers cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea.  

     ③ In most parts of the sea, there are plenty of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are very small. It is hard to see them. Many fish live by eating these.  

     ④ The sea can be very cold. Divers, who dive deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards, the sea becomes colder and colder.  

     ⑤ Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. 

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

     ① When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water.
     ② The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group, this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.  

     ③ Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.  

    ④ The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.  

    ⑤ The main benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。