阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第1~ 5题后所给的6个选项中为每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1) 从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

Dormitory Life 

 ① Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience. However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery. When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life. Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well. 

 ② When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests. And you can enjoy the various services there. Both are very important to make you successful at college. But you may have to give up much of your personal space. You will share a room with someone else. This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you. 

 ③ You will have to learn some important life skills. For example, you will learn how to get along with people. You will also learn to ignore things that you can't change. But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the real world. 

 ④ When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus. If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there. 

 ⑤ Besides, living on campus means you don't have to travel to and from school in rush hours. And you are more involved in campus life. For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make your own contributions. If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1)从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

⑤ A big problem in England is the rising cost of houses. In 1989 first-time buyers paid an average of around £40, 000, but in 2001 this had more than doubled to £85, 000 and in 2006 to £151,565. The cost of housing in England has increased much faster than people's wages, making it impossible for first-time buyers to get on the housing ladder unless they are in especially well-paid jobs.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1) 从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1) 从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

阅读选择：阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A，B，C，D)中选出一个最佳选项。

The Power of Imagination and Fantasy

     Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein ,in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.
     Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.
     The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. ”Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume（戏装）, finally she agreed.
     The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.
     The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it ,”If you can dream it, you can do it.”
     It doesn‘t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are texted in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Atmospheric scientists first used the term “greenhouse effect” in the early 1800s. At that time, it was used to describe the naturally occurring functions of trace gases in the atmosphere and did not have any negative meanings. It was not until the mid-1950s that the term greenhouse effect was coupled with concern over climate change. And in recent decades, we often hear about the greenhouse effect in somewhat negative terms.
     The negative concerns are related to the possible impacts of an enhanced greenhouse effect. It is important to remember that without the greenhouse effect, life on the earth would not be possible.
     While the earth's temperature is dependent upon the greenhouse-like action of the atmosphere, the amount of heating and cooling are strongly influenced by several factors just as greenhouses are affected by various factors.
     In the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the type of surface that sunlight first encounters is the most important factor. Forests, grasslands, ocean surfaces, ice caps, deserts, and cities all absorb, reflect, and radiate radiation differently. Sunlight falling on a white glacier (冰河) surface strongly reflects back into space, resulting in minimal heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil is strongly absorbed, on the other hand and contributes to significant heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Cloud cover also affects greenhouse warming by both reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and by reducing the amount of radiation energy emitted into space.
     Scientists use the term albedo to define the percentage of solar energy reflected hack by a surface. Understanding local, regional, and global albedo effects is critical to predicting global climate change. 

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     Sleep is generally divided into five stages．In the first two stages, a person sinks into a light sleep; muscles relax, breathing and pulse rate slow down．In the third and fourth stages of deep sleep, a sleeper can only be awakened by a loud and unusual noise; the heart beats slowly and blood pressure drops. It is in the fifth stage that the body regenerates (恢复体力) and a person dreams. Dreams are an important part of healthy sleep. They help the brain adapt and respond to life experience．
     The brain is almost as active at this time as when a person is awake. The secrets of a good night's sleep are a good mattress (床垫) and reasonable eating habits. A heavy meal and too much wine will destroy a good night's sleep. When buying a mattress, you should test it to make sure that when lying on it you are comfortable and your body sinks into a side position easily. The mattress should be of the right size—20 to 30 centimeters longer than the sleeper's stretched out body and at least 95 centimeters wide.
     A comfortable bed and a slightly darkened bedroom are important to a good sleep, too. It is true that a good night's sleep must be long, deep and with no disturbance, so that both the brain and the body will regenerate during sleep. Therefore, the bed should be placed at least 60 centimeters away from a window. Furthermore, if you feel hungry before bedtime, have a little milk.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     Work is a very important part of life in the United States. Americans spend most of their lives working. For most Americans, their work defines them: They are what they do. What happens, then, when a person can no longer work?
     Most Americans stop working at the age of sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one's job, whatever it is, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people depend on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. Each employer also gives a certain percentage to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation (通货膨胀) is forcing prices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover these growing expenses. The government offers some assistance, but many senior citizens have to change their life-styles after retirement. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel, and other necessities.
     Of course, many senior citizens are happy with their retirement. They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time; others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to "Golden Age" groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many other opportunities for retirees.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     All of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, "I know, I was there; I saw it happen." and that seems to settle the matter. Or does it? Can we really trust the evidence of our eyes? Take competitive sports. Fans who see the same game will not agree with each other and will disagree with the referee（裁判）."He was out of bounds when he caught the pass," says one fan. Says another, "You are crazy. I saw it with my own eyes. He was five feet in bounds. You must be blind." The referee rules that the receiver did step out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not convinced—because they were there!
     It's the same story in the courtroom. Trial procedure depends on witnesses giving sworn testimony（证词）. But just how reliable is the testimony of a person who reports what he has seen? In a recent study, ten thousand witnesses were asked to describe the man they saw commit a crime. The study reveals that, on the average, the witnesses overestimated the man's height by five inches, his age by eight years, and gave the wrong hair color in 83 percent of the cases. These witnesses didn't play tricks on them! 

     What can we do to keep error to a minimum? First of all, don't let your emotions interfere with your vision. Don't see something because you want to see it. Secondly, try to stay relaxed. If you are tense, you are likely to see red when the color is blue. And finally, it helps to make notes of what you see. Don't rely on your memory alone. Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other aid to reduce distortion（歪曲）. 

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     Mary was watching a mystery movie on television. The end of the movie was near, and she was totally absorbed. Then her baby started crying. She shouted at him to shut up. In response, he cried louder. She got angry and shook him, but the baby cried even louder. In the meanwhile, the mystery’s conclusion took place and she missed it. Angrily, she hit her son in the face. In this situation, someone was pursuing a goal—seeing the end of an exciting television show, but something happened to block the achievement of that goal. The person thus became frustrated, anger built up, and direct aggression occurred.
     However, aggression is not always aimed at the person who causes the frustration. Consider a businessman who had a hard day at the office. He was about to close a deal with a customer when his boss awkwardly interfered, and he lost the sale. On the way home in his car, the frustrated businessman blew his horn angrily at a car ahead when it didn’t pull immediately away from a traffic light. As he entered his home, his dog jumped up joyfully on him, only to receive a quick kick. He then shouted at his wife during supper. All these aggressive behaviors are examples of displaced aggression—aggression placed on the wrong person. Aggression against the person who causes the original frustration can often be harmful. In this case, attacking or swearing at the boss could cost the businessman his job. When the person who causes the frustration has power over the frustrated person, aggression may be shifted onto a person who has nothing at all to do with the original frustration.

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     As a boy, I wasn’t much. I mean, I tried to be a boy and spent many childhood hours trying to imitate cowboys, Indian heroes and baseball players, and doing all sorts of things boys are supposed to do. When my fellow boys stole from a neighbor’s pear tree, I was the only one who got sick from the stolen fruit. I also failed to set fire to our garage, an art which any five-year-old boy should be capable of. I was, however, the neighborhood winner at getting beaten up. “That Julius can take it, man.” the boys used to say, almost in admiration, after I emerged from another battle, tears in my eyes but refusing to fall.
     I tried to believe my parents when they told me I was a boy, but I could find no proof for such a statement. Each morning during the summer as I sat in a quiet corner with a book, my mother would push me out the back door and into the yard. But throughout the day I thought of the girls sitting in the shade of trees, playing with their dolls（洋娃娃）. That was life! I thought. No constant pressure to prove oneself. No need to be ever competing. While I embarrassed myself on football and baseball fields, the girls stood on the sides laughing at me, because they didn’t have to do anything except be girls. The rising of each sun brought me to the starting line of yet another day’s Olympic games, with no hope of ever winning a medal.
     As I grew up, the pressure to prove myself on the sports ground disappeared, but the situation got worse--because now I had to prove myself with girls. I just did not know how I was supposed to go about doing this, especially because, at the age of 14, I was shorter and thinner than almost everybody else. However, duty called, and off I went. Yet, looking back at my boyhood, I never had any luck with girls as a teenager.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Many people think New York is a noisy city. In fact, scientists who study noise say that the average noise level in New York is 72.5 decibels. This is a little louder than normal conversation, which is 65 decibels. The noise level is the result of so many people and cars in the same area.
     Now even the insides of taxis are noisy. When you get into a taxi, you hear the voice of a well-known singer, sports reporter, or Broadway actress giving instructions. That's right. The voice of a famous person tells you what to do. One popular singer gives this message: "Cats have nine lives, but you have only one so fasten your seat belt!" Other, voices say things such as "Don't forget to collect all your belongings."（People often leave hats, umbrellas, and bags in taxis.）
     There is a good reason for the messages. There are more than 12,000 cabs in New York, and every year taxis get into more than 15,000 accidents. In an accident, people who don't wear seat belts hit the partition, the glass wall separating the driver and passengers in the taxi. They can hurt their foreheads or break their noses or chins. Every year, about 11,000 people are injured in this way.
     Many people are annoyed by the voices. Cabdrivers in particular dislike the messages. "I play the messages 12 hours a day. I hear the same voices 60 times a day. It makes me crazy," says Amir, a 45-year-old cabdriver. "But if I don't play the messages, I get fined $100. A lot of passengers complain too. “It's too much noise,” says a passenger. "I asked the driver to turn off the message, but he said he can't."
     Other people think the voices are a great idea. One taxi driver says, "People like to hear the famous voices, and they put on their seat belts more often." And passengers from out of town really like the idea. "Most of the time, taxi drivers are in a bad mood," says Melanie Benton, who visits New York often on business, "It's nice to hear a cheerful voice when you get into a cab."

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
    At Sunday's graduation, Su-Kyeong Kim will speak to the 385 members of her class at Northfield Mount Hermon School. This might seem amazing for a girl who spoke hardly word of English when she came here from Korea four years ago at age15.
    But Su-Kyeong herself is amazing. Besides becoming so fluent in English that she hasn't even a trace of an accent, she has also won numerous academic awards and has written a book about her experiences struggling with the language. Her teachers hope she will find a publisher soon for "Looking for Trouble," her 147-page, hand-bound volume.
    Su-Kyeong saw the need for the book when she began helping newly arrived Korean students at the school and realized the newcomers suffered like her. "You think you are the only person being embarrassed making mistakes," she said in a recent interview on campus. "But everyone does it. Su-Kyeong believes it's OK to make mistakes. She calls her book "Looking for Trouble" because the road leading to success in mastering a second language is a risky path. "I want others to know that it's OK to make mistakes, she said, "that nothing worthwhile is without risk."
    "Lots of people think other people do not make mistakes or are not as embarrassed as they are. It's not true. Everyone is embarrassed when they make a mistake and everyone makes mistakes. You can turn that mistake into a great step to your success."
    In her book, Su-Kyeong wrote of her disappointment when her enthusiastic "Yes!" caused a student who had asked to sit at her lunch table to turn away. In fact, the student had asked, "Do you mind if I sit with you?" Su-Kyeong had heard, "May I sit with you?”
    Her advice to those studying a second language is: "Look for trouble. You have to dare to learn another language. You can't sit in your own room and analyze grammar. You have to go and talk to people and listen to them."
    In addition to the book and being chosen to speak at graduation, Su-Kyeong's rewards for following her own advice included the English as a Second Language Award in her freshman year, the Junior Class English Prize and the Departmental Award for Chinese. In September, Su-Kyeong will enter Stanford University in California where she plans to study Japanese and international business.

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1) 从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

填词补文：下面的短文有十处空白，短文后列出十二个词，其中十个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

概括段落大意和补全句子：阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：(1) 从第1~5题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第6~10题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。
     Man’s mind is his tool of survival. The mind is used to gain, use, store, and recall knowledge. It is his mind that enables a farmer to know what to plant, when to harvest it, how to prepare food from the result. It is his mind that enables a hunter to know what he needs to make a spear, how to make it, and how to use it. And it is his mind that enables a blacksmith to know how to make iron tools. In short, it is the mind that enables a person to know what to do in order to survive.
     Man’s mind allows long-range planning and thinking. It enables such long-range planning as required for farming, hunting, and tool making. These efforts require the ability to form concepts of long-term cause and effect chains. “I need to make a spear tonight so I can hunt tomorrow and have food for the next 7 days.” There may be environments where people could survive for a while without long-range planning, but without the results of knowledge like spears, fire, and other technologies, people would get out — bred by other animals and die out.
     Man’s mind is his tool for survival, but like all tools, it must be properly used. The mind makes good use of knowledge, and knowledge can only be obtained through reason. Without reason, there is no knowledge, and thus no survival.
     You must recognize reality and act in accordance with it in order to be successful. To the extent that you use reason as your method of judgment in knowledge and action, you will survive and flourish. If you ignore or escape from reality you will suffer and die.
     It is very important to note that survival by reason requires the freedom to act according to your reason. That is why people do not develop well in the control of others, and cannot survive when they are subject to force that destroys their ability to act on reason.