阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     With technological advances, the first half of the twentieth century saw a movement of workers away from agricultural to industrial production. The second half saw a movement from industrial production to services. So far, technological advances have not reduced our need for service workers. But what would happen if advances in artificial intelligence (AI) should greatly increase the productivity of service workers, as suggested by the following scene?
     Andrea calls the doctor's office with a medical concern. The doctor's automated telephone system, in a friendly and personal voice, asks her a series of questions. Based on Andrea's answers and in consultation with her insurer's claim system, the doctor's system directs her to a neighborhood lab for tests. At the lab, another automated system performs the prescribed tests, makes a diagnosis, and provides the appropriate medication, all while in contact with Andrea's insurer. As the service is completed, the insurer pays the cost of the service. Andrea signs for any co-payment, to be paid automatically from her bank account. Heading home, Andrea was happily spared from long waits and a hurried contact with the doctor.
     To anticipate the realization of such a scene and its timing, we should watch the industries with the most potential for early application of AI. These would be where services are already provided at a distance (airline reservations were an early example). Once widespread in these industries, AI will have built the necessary level of trust and acceptance to move into more and more service industries.
     The critical issue now is that such changes could lead to considerable reduction in service jobs at a time when people will want to (or need to) work longer. Services in the first half of the twenty-first century might thus resemble manufacturing in the second half of the twentieth century, with considerable unemployment and significant incentives（诱因） for early retirement. If we are to minimize the panic, we need first to see it coming. 

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Many people think New York is a noisy city. In fact, scientists who study noise say that the average noise level in New York is 72.5 decibels. This is a little louder than normal conversation, which is 65 decibels. The noise level is the result of so many people and cars in the same area.
     Now even the insides of taxis are noisy. When you get into a taxi, you hear the voice of a well-known singer, sports reporter, or Broadway actress giving instructions. That's right. The voice of a famous person tells you what to do. One popular singer gives this message: "Cats have nine lives, but you have only one so fasten your seat belt!" Other, voices say things such as "Don't forget to collect all your belongings."（People often leave hats, umbrellas, and bags in taxis.）
     There is a good reason for the messages. There are more than 12,000 cabs in New York, and every year taxis get into more than 15,000 accidents. In an accident, people who don't wear seat belts hit the partition, the glass wall separating the driver and passengers in the taxi. They can hurt their foreheads or break their noses or chins. Every year, about 11,000 people are injured in this way.
     Many people are annoyed by the voices. Cabdrivers in particular dislike the messages. "I play the messages 12 hours a day. I hear the same voices 60 times a day. It makes me crazy," says Amir, a 45-year-old cabdriver. "But if I don't play the messages, I get fined $100. A lot of passengers complain too. “It's too much noise,” says a passenger. "I asked the driver to turn off the message, but he said he can't."
     Other people think the voices are a great idea. One taxi driver says, "People like to hear the famous voices, and they put on their seat belts more often." And passengers from out of town really like the idea. "Most of the time, taxi drivers are in a bad mood," says Melanie Benton, who visits New York often on business, "It's nice to hear a cheerful voice when you get into a cab."

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Quite a number of political and religious groups today are putting pressure on government to further censor（审查）and control the media. It is extremely important that we deal with this issue and resolve it. Instead of putting tight controls on media violence, we should take steps to protect the media from unnecessary government interference and censorship.
      Violence had been with us long before modern media. For most tribes throughout most of the world, war and violence was always part of life. Most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has been an ever-present part of human life; such works as the Old Testament, the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. However, the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media. Therefore, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would stop human violence.
     A comparison of violence in nations around the world also indicates that there is no direct relationship between violence and the media. There were 9,390 gun-related deaths in the US in 1996 while Japan had 15 gun-related deaths in the same year. Yet the level of violence on television in Japan is higher than in the US. Japanese TV often describes violence that would not be allowed on US television, and Japanese movie-goers see the same major Hollywood films that Americans see. The number of murders in the US is small compared with that of Columbia where 23,000 people were murdered in 1999, yet Columbians have much less exposure to media violence than either Americans or Japanese; they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films. Likewise, Islamic terrorists（恐怖主义者）have murdered numerous people, yet they hate Western media and have very little exposure to violent television and film. Canada borders the US, and Canadians receive the same TV and radio programs that Americans receive, yet gun violence in Canada was nearly one hundred times lower than that in the US in the 1990s. Clearly there is no significant relationship between media violence and real-life violence. Therefore, blaming the media for violence is misguided; we need to look elsewhere for solutions to this problem.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     I heard parents, teachers and educators complaining that teenage children are rebelling(反叛). I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers feel proud that they disagree with their parents just like others. Instead of striking out bravely on their own, most of them hold one another's hands for encouragement.
     They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of the control of their parents only to find themselves controlled by popularity.
     It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has created teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what teenager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award their children for being popular. These add up to a great obstacle for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the obstacle is worth climbing over. The path is, worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records.. You may have some thoughts that you don't share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.

阅读选择
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项( A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.

     Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man's secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wife's birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and, of course, typing and filling and taking shorthand.

     Now all this may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.

     "Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work and then men will want to do it again."
     That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the U.S.

     Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they——not just because they can buy negligees (妇女长睡衣) for the boss's wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers, as men.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。

     Atmospheric scientists first used the term “greenhouse effect” in the early 1800s. At that time, it was used to describe the naturally occurring functions of trace gases in the atmosphere and did not have any negative meanings. It was not until the mid-1950s that the term greenhouse effect was coupled with concern over climate change. And in recent decades, we often hear about the greenhouse effect in somewhat negative terms.
     The negative concerns are related to the possible impacts of an enhanced greenhouse effect. It is important to remember that without the greenhouse effect, life on the earth would not be possible.
     While the earth's temperature is dependent upon the greenhouse-like action of the atmosphere, the amount of heating and cooling are strongly influenced by several factors just as greenhouses are affected by various factors.
     In the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the type of surface that sunlight first encounters is the most important factor. Forests, grasslands, ocean surfaces, ice caps, deserts, and cities all absorb, reflect, and radiate radiation differently. Sunlight falling on a white glacier (冰河) surface strongly reflects back into space, resulting in minimal heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil is strongly absorbed, on the other hand and contributes to significant heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Cloud cover also affects greenhouse warming by both reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and by reducing the amount of radiation energy emitted into space.
     Scientists use the term albedo to define the percentage of solar energy reflected hack by a surface. Understanding local, regional, and global albedo effects is critical to predicting global climate change. 

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     Politicians have now suddenly discovered that many college students graduate heavily in debt. To politicians, it follows that the government should come to their rescue with the taxpayers' money.
     How big is this burden of college students' debt that we hear so much about from politicians? Among those graduates owing money, the debt averages $7,000 for public college graduates and $9,000 for private college graduates. Buying a very modestly priced automobile involves more debt than that. And a car loan has to be paid off within eight years, whereas college graduates are allowed ten years to repay their student loans. Moreover, you have to keep buying cars every few years, while one college education lasts a lifetime. Most importantly, college graduates earn higher incomes than people without college education. Why, then, should we panic at the thought that they have to pay loans for their education? Even graduates with relatively modest incomes pay less than 10 percent of their annual salary on the loan the first year—with declining percentages in future years as their salaries increase.
     Political concerns may focus on the low-income students with a huge debt. That is where you get your heart-breaking stories—ever if they are not at all typical. But in reality, the rapidly increasing student loans of the past decade have resulted from allowing high-income people to borrow under government programs. Before 1978, college loans were available through government programs only to students whose family income was below certain level. That level was about twice the national average income, but at least it kept out the Rockefellers and the Vanderbilts. But, in an era of "sympathy," Congress took off even those limits. As a result, no matter how rich they were, it still paid to borrow money through the government at low interest rates.The money they had set aside for their children's education could be invested somewhere else, at higher interest rates. Then, when the student loan became due, parents could pay it off with the money they had set aside—pocketing the difference in interest rates.

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     Mary was watching a mystery movie on television. The end of the movie was near, and she was totally absorbed. Then her baby started crying. She shouted at him to shut up. In response, he cried louder. She got angry and shook him, but the baby cried even louder. In the meanwhile, the mystery’s conclusion took place and she missed it. Angrily, she hit her son in the face. In this situation, someone was pursuing a goal—seeing the end of an exciting television show, but something happened to block the achievement of that goal. The person thus became frustrated, anger built up, and direct aggression occurred.
     However, aggression is not always aimed at the person who causes the frustration. Consider a businessman who had a hard day at the office. He was about to close a deal with a customer when his boss awkwardly interfered, and he lost the sale. On the way home in his car, the frustrated businessman blew his horn angrily at a car ahead when it didn’t pull immediately away from a traffic light. As he entered his home, his dog jumped up joyfully on him, only to receive a quick kick. He then shouted at his wife during supper. All these aggressive behaviors are examples of displaced aggression—aggression placed on the wrong person. Aggression against the person who causes the original frustration can often be harmful. In this case, attacking or swearing at the boss could cost the businessman his job. When the person who causes the frustration has power over the frustrated person, aggression may be shifted onto a person who has nothing at all to do with the original frustration.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. Who decides what you buy in the supermarkets? Do you decide? Does the supermarket decide? When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles（过道）between the shelves. You push a shopping cart and put your food in it. You probably hear slow music as you walk along the aisles; if you hear fast music, you walk quickly. The supermarket plays slow music. You walk slowly and have more time to buy things.
     Where do you go in the supermarket when you first arrive? Maybe you go to the meat department first. There is some meat on sale, and you want to find it. The manager of the supermarket knows where customers enter the meat department. The cheaper meat is at the end of the meat department, away from where the customers enter. You have to walk by all the expensive meat before you find the cheaper meat. Maybe you will buy some of the expensive meat instead of the meat on sale.
     The dairy（乳制品）department sells milk and milk products such as butter and cheese. Many customers like milk that has only a little butterfat in it. One store has three different containers of low fat milk. One says "1 percent (1%)" fat on the container. The second says "99 percent (99%) far free". The third says "Low Fat" in big letters and "1%" in small letters. As you can see, all the milk has the same amount of fat. The milk is all the same. The amount of milk in each container is also the same. However, in this store the three containers of milk don't cost the same. Maybe the customer will buy the milk that costs the most.
     Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive. People often stop to look at the products in attractive containers. But remember, many products will say, "Buy me!". Stop and think which ones are the best value for your money.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

     All of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, "I know, I was there; I saw it happen." and that seems to settle the matter. Or does it? Can we really trust the evidence of our eyes? Take competitive sports. Fans who see the same game will not agree with each other and will disagree with the referee（裁判）."He was out of bounds when he caught the pass," says one fan. Says another, "You are crazy. I saw it with my own eyes. He was five feet in bounds. You must be blind." The referee rules that the receiver did step out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not convinced—because they were there!
     It's the same story in the courtroom. Trial procedure depends on witnesses giving sworn testimony（证词）. But just how reliable is the testimony of a person who reports what he has seen? In a recent study, ten thousand witnesses were asked to describe the man they saw commit a crime. The study reveals that, on the average, the witnesses overestimated the man's height by five inches, his age by eight years, and gave the wrong hair color in 83 percent of the cases. These witnesses didn't play tricks on them! 

     What can we do to keep error to a minimum? First of all, don't let your emotions interfere with your vision. Don't see something because you want to see it. Secondly, try to stay relaxed. If you are tense, you are likely to see red when the color is blue. And finally, it helps to make notes of what you see. Don't rely on your memory alone. Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other aid to reduce distortion（歪曲）. 

Reading Comprehension
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。

     I will never forget what my old headmaster had taught me. Normally when you are only 15 years of age you do not remember most of the things that are preached by your teachers. But, this particular story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I drift off course, I get reminded of this story.
     It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly, and he was addressing the students on important things in life and about committing ourselves to what was important to us. This is how the story went:
     An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the subway. He would take the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and beg. He did this every single day for almost 20 years.
     His house was filthy, and a horrible smell came out of it. The neighbors could not stand the smell any longer, so they summoned the police officers to clear the place. The officers knocked down the door, cleaned the house and found small bags of money all over the house. When they counted the money, they realized that the old man was a millionaire.
     They waited outside his house in anticipation to share the good news with him. When he arrived home that evening, the old man was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no need for him to beg any more as he was now a millionaire.
     The old man said nothing at all. He went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the subway, got into the train, and sat at the street corner and continued to beg. Obviously, this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything significant for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying focused on the things we enjoy doing.
     We should remain true to our course, which may mean committing ourselves to things that people around us would normally disapprove. Let nothing distract us from being happy; let nothing else determine our fate, but ourselves. What makes us happy is what matters in the end, not what we acquire.

阅读选择：阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A，B，C，D)中选出一个最佳选项。

The Power of Imagination and Fantasy

     Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein ,in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.
     Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.
     The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. ”Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume（戏装）, finally she agreed.
     The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.
     The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it ,”If you can dream it, you can do it.”
     It doesn‘t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are texted in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     When children learn a language, they learn the grammar as well as the words or vocabulary. No one teaches them, children just "pick them up". Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being acquired, and others will disappear. This is called the "babbling（牙牙学语）stage". 

     A child does not learn the language "all at once". The child's first utterances（言语）are one-word sentences. After a few months, the two-word stage arises. During this stage, the child puts two words together. These two-word sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships.  
     Still later, in the telegraphic stage, the child will produce longer sentences. These longer sentences are mainly made up of content words. The child's early grammar lacks many of the rules of the adult grammar, but eventually it will become mature.
     All normal children everywhere learn language. This ability is not dependent on race（种族），social class, geography, or even intelligence. This ability is uniquely human. 

Reading Comprehension

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。

     Joe was driving home one evening. Ever since the Levis factory closed, he'd been unemployed, and with winter raging on, the chill had finally hit home. Most of his friends had already left the Midwestern town, but he stayed on. After all, he was born here.
     It was getting dark and light snow was coming down. He almost didn't see the old lady, but in the dim light of day, he could see she needed help. He pulled up in front of her car and got out.
     Even with a smile on his face, she was worried. Was he going to hurt her? He didn't look safe; he looked poor and hungry. Joe knew how she felt and said to her, ”I'm here to help you, m'am. Why don't you wait in the car where it's warm.” She had a flat tire and Joe set about replacing it immediately. All this put the woman at ease. She then rolled down her window and began to talk to him, telling him that she was from St. Louis and was only passing through. Then the thankful woman asked Joe how much she owed him. But Joe told her that he had been given a hand in the past and if she wished to pay him back, she could give the money to someone who needed her help next time.
     A few miles down the road the lady went into a small café. A waitress brought a clean towel to wipe her wet hair. The waitress was nearly eight months pregnant, but she never let the strain and aches change her attitude. The old lady wondered how someone who had so little could be so giving to a stranger. When the waitress came back to give the lady her change from a hundred dollar bill, she found a message on a napkin: “Take this. Someone once helped me out the way I'm helping you now. If you really want to pay me back, here's what you can do. Don't let the chain of love end with you.
     That night when she got home from work and climbed into bed, the waitress was thinking about what the lady had written. How could the lady have known that she and her husband needed the money? With the baby due next month, it was going to be hard. Knowing how worried her husband was, she whispered soft and low to him, “Everything's gonna be alright, I love you, Joe.”

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     I remember my father John Gary Lewis when he was about the age of 50. Even then, he could work harder than men half his age. It is true that he never smoked or went to movies or parties, but what mattered more is that he believed in working. Even if he was coming down with a cold, he would buy a bag of oranges and sit down and eat nearly the whole bag, instead of going to a doctor.
     My father was old fashioned in every way: farming, parenting and home care when you were sick. He did his plowing behind mules(骡子) because he thought tractors(拖拉机) would damage the roots of the plants. He was a college professor in North Carolina for 30 years, full-time, and when he wasn't doing that, he was out on his farm, working, sunup to sundown, never taking a vacation, day in and day out, year after year.
     My four brothers and I grew up in Raleigh in a tough family, guided by the principle that physical strength and endurance are key to survival. I still think of my father at 50 laboring in the hot burning sun, outworking my brothers and me. A long time afterward, when I turned 50, I became a boxer and fought four or five rounds with young kids, three-minute rounds, and I found it quite easy to beat them.
     The trouble with most of us is that we start to surrender inside once we get between 50 and 60. Our values and interests start to change, and it no longer matters so much who's the winner, especially since we know it's unlikely to be us. In reality, you can still be a winner when you are old; winning truly means being the best of what you are, doing the best you can do, regardless of what anybody else says.

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     As a boy, I wasn’t much. I mean, I tried to be a boy and spent many childhood hours trying to imitate cowboys, Indian heroes and baseball players, and doing all sorts of things boys are supposed to do. When my fellow boys stole from a neighbor’s pear tree, I was the only one who got sick from the stolen fruit. I also failed to set fire to our garage, an art which any five-year-old boy should be capable of. I was, however, the neighborhood winner at getting beaten up. “That Julius can take it, man.” the boys used to say, almost in admiration, after I emerged from another battle, tears in my eyes but refusing to fall.
     I tried to believe my parents when they told me I was a boy, but I could find no proof for such a statement. Each morning during the summer as I sat in a quiet corner with a book, my mother would push me out the back door and into the yard. But throughout the day I thought of the girls sitting in the shade of trees, playing with their dolls（洋娃娃）. That was life! I thought. No constant pressure to prove oneself. No need to be ever competing. While I embarrassed myself on football and baseball fields, the girls stood on the sides laughing at me, because they didn’t have to do anything except be girls. The rising of each sun brought me to the starting line of yet another day’s Olympic games, with no hope of ever winning a medal.
     As I grew up, the pressure to prove myself on the sports ground disappeared, but the situation got worse--because now I had to prove myself with girls. I just did not know how I was supposed to go about doing this, especially because, at the age of 14, I was shorter and thinner than almost everybody else. However, duty called, and off I went. Yet, looking back at my boyhood, I never had any luck with girls as a teenager.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.

     Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man's secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wife's birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and, of course, typing and filling and taking shorthand.

     Now all this may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.

     "Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work and then men will want to do it again."
     That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the U.S.

     Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they——not just because they can buy negligees (妇女长睡衣) for the boss's wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers, as men.

Reading Comprehension 
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
     Sleep is generally divided into five stages．In the first two stages, a person sinks into a light sleep; muscles relax, breathing and pulse rate slow down．In the third and fourth stages of deep sleep, a sleeper can only be awakened by a loud and unusual noise; the heart beats slowly and blood pressure drops. It is in the fifth stage that the body regenerates (恢复体力) and a person dreams. Dreams are an important part of healthy sleep. They help the brain adapt and respond to life experience．
     The brain is almost as active at this time as when a person is awake. The secrets of a good night's sleep are a good mattress (床垫) and reasonable eating habits. A heavy meal and too much wine will destroy a good night's sleep. When buying a mattress, you should test it to make sure that when lying on it you are comfortable and your body sinks into a side position easily. The mattress should be of the right size—20 to 30 centimeters longer than the sleeper's stretched out body and at least 95 centimeters wide.
     A comfortable bed and a slightly darkened bedroom are important to a good sleep, too. It is true that a good night's sleep must be long, deep and with no disturbance, so that both the brain and the body will regenerate during sleep. Therefore, the bed should be placed at least 60 centimeters away from a window. Furthermore, if you feel hungry before bedtime, have a little milk.

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个最佳选项。 

     Mary was watching a mystery movie on television. The end of the movie was near, and she was totally absorbed. Then her baby started crying. She shouted at him to shut up. In response, he cried louder. She got angry and shook him, but the baby cried even louder. In the meanwhile, the mystery’s conclusion took place and she missed it. Angrily, she hit her son in the face. In this situation, someone was pursuing a goal—seeing the end of an exciting television show, but something happened to block the achievement of that goal. The person thus became frustrated, anger built up, and direct aggression occurred.
     However, aggression is not always aimed at the person who causes the frustration. Consider a businessman who had a hard day at the office. He was about to close a deal with a customer when his boss awkwardly interfered, and he lost the sale. On the way home in his car, the frustrated businessman blew his horn angrily at a car ahead when it didn’t pull immediately away from a traffic light. As he entered his home, his dog jumped up joyfully on him, only to receive a quick kick. He then shouted at his wife during supper. All these aggressive behaviors are examples of displaced aggression—aggression placed on the wrong person. Aggression against the person who causes the original frustration can often be harmful. In this case, attacking or swearing at the boss could cost the businessman his job. When the person who causes the frustration has power over the frustrated person, aggression may be shifted onto a person who has nothing at all to do with the original frustration.