Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese.

     Computers should be in the schools. They have the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music. They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying on-screen a version of the city in which they live — a picture that tracks real life moment by moment.
     In practice, however, computers make our worst educational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy, computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video. While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismiss linear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the information landscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroom software that will do a student’s arithmetic or correct his spelling.
     Take multimedia. The idea of multimedia is to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse on screen. You do not just read Shakespeare; you watch actors performing, listen to songs and so on. What is wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books, multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes the printed page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure, books will be available in the classroom, too. But they will have all the appeal of dusty piano to a teen who has a Walkman handy.
     Hypermedia, is just as troubling. It is a way of presenting documents on screen without imposing a linear start-to-finish order. Disembodied paragraphs are linked by theme; after reading one about the First World War, for example, you might be able to choose another about the technology of battleships or the life of Woodrow Wilson. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in major ones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or a logical argument is a crucial part of education.
     Authors do not merely agglomerate paragraphs; they work hard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. To turn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactly what counts — the story. The real problem, again, is the accentuation of the already bad habits. Dynamiting documents into disjointed paragraphs is one more expression of the sorry fact that sustained argument is not our style. If you are a newspaper or magazine editor and your readership is dwindling, what is the solution? Shorter pieces. If you are a politician and you want to get elected, what do you need? Tasty sound bites. Logical presentation be damned.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese.  

     Machinery has made it possible to produce more and more food in vast areas, such as the plains of America and Russia. Crops have increased almost everywhere and people are growing more and more food. New forms of preservation have also been developed so that food need not be eaten as soon as it has grown.
     Progress in medicine and hygiene has made it possible for people to live longer. People in Europe and North America live, on the average, twice as long as they did a hundred years ago. In other countries, too, people generally live much longer than they once did. Babies, especially, have a far better chance of growing up because of increased protection against infant disease. However, all countries do not benefit to the same degree from this program in medicine and hygiene.
     In prehistoric time, people from Africa and Asia migrated to other continents. Europe was occupied by people from the East, America by groups from Asia. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, migrations have taken place within certain countries: the cities with their industries have attracted people away from the country. The possibility of earning a fixed salary in a factory or office was more attractive than the possibility of staying on the farm and having one’s work destroyed by frost, storms, or droughts. Furthermore, the development of agricultural machinery made it possible for fewer people to do the same amount of work.
     Thus, at the same time that the industrial revolution made it possible to produce goods more cheaply and more quickly in factories, and agricultural revolution also took place. Instead of leaving fields empty every third year, farmers began to plant clover or some other crop that would enrich the soil. Instead of using only animal fertilizer, farmers began to use chemical fertilizers to keep the soil rich. These methods have enabled French farmers, for example, to give five times as much wheat as was obtained from the same land two centuries ago.
     In many countries farmers find it more profitable to raise only one crop or one kind of animal. They choose the kind that gives the best results. Then they sell all that they produce, instead of trying to grow a little of everything and consume what they grow. This is a more feasible type of operation because modern methods and machinery are adapted to specific animals and specific crops. Therefore, it would be too expensive to do all the work by hand, or to buy the equipment needed for several different kinds of farming.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. 

     They earn and spend, buy and sell, work and play. It’s a mass of individuals, struggling to satisfy often-conflicting goals, who set the pace for the American system.
     Whether the nation’s huge business machine sputters or steams ahead depends on millions of individual consumers, the real “bosses” of the American economy.
     People’s decision on where to live and work, what to buy or pass over, how much to save are at the heart of the free market system. Business and government take their cues from consumers, changing plans to meet their wants and needs.
     Every day, the nation’s 218 million consumers spend more than 3 billion dollars. Their purchases account for almost two-thirds of all the money spent each year, with government and business responsible for the rest. The trouble is that while people’s needs are almost endless, their incomes aren’t.
     Where money goes? About 70 per cent of the average household’s spending goes for necessities such as housing, food, clothes and health care. To be able to afford these items and still have money left for nonessentials such as travel and entertainment, most families find themselves economizing and watching their pennies. The same problem of matching limited resources with seemingly endless demands confronts businesses and public agencies.
     That is what the economy is all about — making choices on how to use limited resources of money, manpower, machinery and materials, whether it involves a shopper deciding what to buy in the supermarket or a manufacturer deciding what line of goods to produce.
     Choices made in the economy involve a continuous tug-of-war between consumers and producers over price.
     If many businesses are offering a product and there is plenty of it to satisfy the needs of all consumers, a producer will be forced to sell at a price not far above costs in order to keep from being stuck with a lot of unmarketable supplies. This is why, for example, prices for fresh fruit and vegetables drop during the summer months when such produce is in great number.
     However, a low price — especially if it falls below what it costs a seller to make the goods — will discourage production, perhaps drive the high-cost producers out of business or force them to make something else.
     Again using an example from agriculture, farmers periodically plant less wheat or raise fewer cattle if the prices for those commodities give too little return for the costs involved.
     On the other hand, if there is great demand for a product and supplies are tight, business will be able to raise prices, their profits will increase and they will invest in new equipment to increase output. Other firms may be attracted by the hopes of good profits to produce the scarce item, thus adding new competition.
     That, in the simplest form, is the way the law of supply and demand works in free-market economy. Price becomes the guidepost, telling producers what they can expect to sell at a price that more than covers their costs. At the same time, posted prices tell the consumer what he can expect to pay.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. 

     It’s believed the Internet was born in 1969 when two computers at the University of California, Los Angeles, were connected by a 15-foot cable, with bits of meaningless data flowing between them. Since then the Net has taken off, with some 137 million U.S. computers online plus another 152 million outside the United States. And while the number of Internet-linked computers is surging, the volume of traffic they are carrying is increasing even faster. Some projections have it doubling every 100 days.
     This is not surprising since a hallmark of the Cyber Age is connectivity and the sharing of information. The assertion that “information is meant to be free” is an increasing reality since it can be moved from those who have it to those who need it in the blink of an eye — and at virtually no cost, unlike for other media. This computer-driven contribution to the vitality of the U.S. economy is immeasurable.
     Auction sites have been springing up all over the Internet, but the undisputed leader is eBay. 

     You simply go to eBay’s Web site, register, post a description of what you have to sell, along with photos and a minimum price, if you like. Bids from interested buyers appear on your computer screen, which is instantly updated as better bids come in. Once the auction ends, the highest bidder is obliged to pay for the item.
     One of the Internet’s truly great features is that anybody can be a player who has an idea for a Web site and a few dollars to get it up and running. Possibly the most notorious site of all is the one dreamed up by an 18-year-old dropout from Northeastern University in Boston, Shawn Fanning, nicknamed the “Napster” for his unruly red hair. He created the world’s biggest online free-music community, which allows 38 million popular music lovers to exchange hundreds of recordings, using the Napster system as a search engine to find exactly what they want.
     Napster has outraged everyone connected with the record business, from artists whose creative work was being hijacked to the Recording Industry Association of America, which brought a lawsuit seeking an injunction aimed at ending Napster’s brief, if notorious, life. It now appears, incredibly, that this deadlock may actually be resolved to almost everyone’s satisfaction. Napster users may pay a modest monthly fee, which will be divided up among those creating, producing, and delivering the music. Napster is receiving financial backing from the German media giant Bertelsmann, which is getting a piece of Napster in return. There is a sticking point, however, since it’s now unclear how to put a user name and price on every digital music file being downloaded. It’s also unclear if Napster users will pay even a few bucks a month for the service.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. 

     Judging from countless media reports in newspapers from coast to coast, it would surely seem that we have finally got a handle on the Nation’s crime problem. The most recent FBI release of crime statistics for 1995 revealed a welcome drop in violent crime, including an 8 per cent decline in homicide. After four straight years of lower crime levels, some crime experts and law enforcement officials have even dared boldly to suggest that we’re winning the war against crime.
     Though recent trends are encouraging, at least superficially, there is little time to celebrate these successes. It is doubtful that today’s improving crime picture will last for very long. Most likely, this is the calm before the crime storm. While many police officials can legitimately feel gratified about the arrested crime rate — better that it be down than up — there is much more to the great crime drop story. Hidden beneath the overall drop in homicide and other violent crime is a soaring rate of mayhem among teenagers.
     There are actually two crime trends ongoing in America — one for the young and one for the mature, which are moving in opposite directions. Since 1990, for example, the rate of homicide committed by adults, ages 25 and older, has declined 18 per cent as the baby boomers matured well past their crime prime years. At the same time, however, the homicide rate by teenagers, ages 14 to 17, has increased 22 per cent. Even more alarming and tragic is that over the past decade, the homicide rate at the hands of teenagers has nearly tripled, increasing 172 percent from 1985 to 1994.
     Therefore, while the overall U.S. homicide rate has indeed declined in recent years, the rate of juvenile murder continues to grow, unabated by the spread of community policing, increased incarceration, and a variety of other popular crime-fighting strategies. In the overall crime mix, the sharp decline in crime among the large adult population has eclipsed the rising crime rate among the relatively small population of teens.
     Trends in age-specific violent arrest rates for homicide, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault confirm the patterns found in homicide statistics. Teenagers now exceed all age groups, even young adults, in their absolute rate of arrest for violent crime overall. Conventional wisdom in criminology — that young adults generally represent the most violence-prone group—apparently needs to be modified in light of these disturbing changes.
     The causes of the surge in youth violence since the mid-1980s reach, of course, well beyond demographics. There have been tremendous changes in the social context of crime over the past decade, which explain why this generation of youth—the young and the ruthless—is more violent than others before it. Our youngsters have more dangerous drugs in their bodies, more deadly weapons in their hands, and a seemingly more casual attitude about violence. It is clear that too many teenagers in this country, particularly those in urban areas, are plagued with idleness and even hopelessness.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese.​ 

     The ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite life patterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer than our great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years, it is clearer than ever that the “game of life” is really a game of trade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness, and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at every age, there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you’ve passed some of your “prime”, you still have other prime years to experience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time.
     WHEN ARE YOU SMARTEST? From 18 to 25, according to IQ scores; but you are more experienced with increasing age. You’re sharpest in your 20’s; around 30, memory begins to decline, particularly your ability to perform mathematical computations. “But your IQ for other tasks climbs,” says Berkeley psychologist Arthur Jensen. Your vocabulary at age 45, for example, is three times as great as when you graduated from college. At 60, your brain possesses almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. This trade-off between sharpness and wisdom has led psychologist Dr. Leopold Bellak to suggest that “maturity quotients” (MQs instead of IQs) be adopted for adults.
     WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15 to 25; for women 15 to 30.
     “A man is in his best shape in the decade before age 25,” says New York internist Dr. Donald Timkins. “His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infection is highest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients.” Women, for reasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health begins to decline when the body process called anabolism (cell growth) is overtaken by the opposite process, catabolism (cell death). “Cells have been dying since birth,” says Tomkins, “but in our late 20’s, they start dying faster than they are replaced.” Also, muscle is replaced with fat.
     WHEN ARE YOU HAPPIEST? You have the best physical sense of yourself from 15 to 24; the best professional sense from 40 to 49. Pessimism peaks between 30 and 39. San Diego State University psychologists Marilyn Borges and Linda Dutton found that before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to come; over 30, we believe that they’ re behind us. The pessimism peak occurs when we realize that talent and determination aren’t enough to guarantee success. Lady Luck must help.
     Also, youth’s good physical sense of self apparently does little to foster happiness. “Parents who tell their teenage children these are the happiest years,” says Ligger, “couldn’t be more wrong. Adolescence is very difficult. Only when you are 40 and looking back does youth look blissful.”
     By viewing life’s various peaks, we can easily get the feeling that we are part of a giant give-and-take plan. Though statistically the plan is there, we must remember that every peak has many exceptions. Says McLeish, “The human life journey cannot be charted by a single curving line.”

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. 

     Excellencies, you are the United Nations. The staff who were killed and injured in the attack on our Baghdad headquarters were your staff. You had given them a mandate to assist the suffering Iraqi people, and to help Iraq recover its national sovereignty.
     In future, not only in Iraq but also wherever the United Nations is engaged, we must take more effective measures to protect the security of our staff. I count on your full support - legal, political and financial.
     Subject to security considerations, the United Nations system is prepared to play its full part in working for a satisfactory outcome in Iraq, and to do so as part of an effort by the whole international community, pulling together on the basis of a sound and viable policy. If it takes extra time and patience to make a policy that is collective, coherent and workable, then I for one would regard that time as well spent. Indeed, this is how we must approach all the many pressing crises that confront us today.
     Three years ago, when you came here for the Millennium Summit, we had a shared vision of global solidarity and collective security, expressed in the Millennium Declaration. But recent events have called that consensus in question.
     All of us know there are new threats that must be faced—or, perhaps, old threats in new and dangerous combinations: new forms of terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. But, while some consider these threats as self-evidently the main challenge to world peace and security, others feel more immediately threatened by small arms employed in civil conflict, or by so-called “soft threats” such as the persistence of extreme poverty, the disparity of income between and within societies, the spread of infectious diseases, or climate change and environmental degradation.
     In truth, we do not have to choose. The United Nations must confront all these threats and challenges—new and old, “hard” and “soft”. It must be fully engaged in the struggle for development and poverty eradication, starting with the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals; in the struggle to protect our common environment and in the struggle for human rights; democracy and good governance. In fact, all these struggles are linked. We now see, with chilling clarity, that a world where many millions of people endure brutal oppression and extreme misery will never be fully secure, even for its most privileged inhabitants.
     Yet the “hard” threats, such as terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, are real, and cannot be ignored. Terrorism is not a problem only to rich countries. Weapons of mass destruction do not threaten only the western or northern world. Where we disagree, it seems, is on how we respond to these threats.
     Since this Organization was founded, States have generally sought to deal with threats to the peace through containment and deterrence, by a system based on collective security and the United Nations Charter.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese.  

     Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man’s lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed. For man is slowly poisoning his environment.
     Pollution is a “dirty” word. To pollute means to contaminate— to spoil something by introducing impurities which make it unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, taste it, drink it ,and stumble through it. We literally live in pollution, and, not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our very civilization.
     Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog— the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life function.
     Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By dumping sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the ocean, too, killing the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply.
     Part of the problem is our exploding population. More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away” technology. Each year Americans dispose of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper,25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95% of its parts may still be functioning. Soon we will wear clothing made of paper:“Wear it once and throw it away,”will be the slogan of the fashion-conscious.
     Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.
     Take the problem of discarded cars, for instance. They are too bulky to ship as scrap to a steel mill. They must first be flattened. This is done in a giant compressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally strong bricks that are used in buildings and bridges.
     What about water pollution? More and more cities are building sewage-treatment plants. Instead of being dumped into a nearby river or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a giant tank where the water is separated from the solid waste material. The solid material is converted into fertilizer. The sludge can also be made into bricks.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese.

        (1) The whole world seemed to be black, black nothingness. The sky was black with bright, shining stars that never twinkled. The sun, a white, burning disk, seemed to hang in the black velvet of the surrounding heavens. This was the scene that spread before the eyes of the first astronaut who left his spaceship to walk in outer space. The name of the Russian astronaut who performed this feat was Leonov, and the date of his walk in space was March 18, 1965. Several months later a similar feat was performed by the first American astronaut to walk in space. Both of these“space walkers”had spent months previous to their flight learning how to control their movements under the strange conditions which exist in space. Wearing their thick space suits, they learned to deal with an environment where there is neither weight nor gravity, neither“up”nor“down”.
        (2) We do not realize how much we depend on the earth’s gravity until we are deprived of it. Then our feet no longer stay on the ground, we float around in the air, and the slightest touch may send us drifting off in the opposite direction.
        (3) In the laboratories where astronauts are trained for their journeys, they are subjected to conditions that resemble those of flight. It takes time for them to prepare for the great changes that occur in space. When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed, the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor. Later, when they leave the zone of the earth’s gravitation, they are unable to stay in one place, Simple actions, such as eating and drinking, become very difficult to perform. You may get an inkling of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.
        (4) The beginnings of man’s conquest of space took place in 1958, seven years before Leonov’s trip. The first successful launching of“Sputnik”demonstrated that it was indeed possible to send objects far enough out of range of earth’s gravity so that they would not fall back to earth. Rather, such objects could be forced to revolve about the earth, just as the moon does. However, while the moon is so far from earth that it takes it a month to revolve around the earth, manmade satellites, which are closer to earth, can make a complete revolution in a few hours.
        (5) It was three years after the first satellite launching that a spaceship containing a man made a successful flight. The flight lasted less than two hours, but it pointed the way to future developments.
        (6) Other planets are so far away that spaceships must attain tremendous speeds to reach them in a reasonable time. If spaceships were launched from space or from the moon, the absence of weight would permit the ships to be launched with great speed at reduced pressures. A relatively small explosion would be enough to send a ship off at a very fast rate. And, since there is no atmosphere in space as there is on earth, the spaceship would meet with no resistance. To illustrate this point, remember how strong the wind feels if we are traveling fast in a car; then imagine a car traveling through an area where there is no wind. The windless condition is comparable to the condition in outer space.
        (7) The first astronaut to walk in space, Leonov, and his companion, Beliaiev, began making preparations for the walk as soon as their spaceship was launched. The spaceship was equipped with a double door, which was fitted with a bellows between the ship and the outside. This made it possible for the astronaut, in his space suit with oxygen supply, to go first from the air-filled ship to the bellows. Then the air was let out of the bellows, and, while the man stepped outside, the air inside the ship remained at normal pressure. If the door had opened directly into space, the air in the ship would have rushed out and been lost when the door opened.
        (8) Leonov and Beliaiev practiced testing the doors several times after they had begun revolving around the earth. When the time came for Leonov to go out, his companion helped him attach the cable that was to keep him from floating away from the ship. Then Leonov entered the bellows, and the door closed behind him. As the air was let out of the bellows, he felt his suit swell up because of the air pressure inside. When there was no air left in the bellows, the outer door opened, and Leonov could see, simultaneously, the blackness of space and the blinding light of the sun.
        (9) If the sky appears blue to us on earth, it is because the earth’s atmosphere absorbs a certain number of blue rays of sunlight. Out where there is no air, this phenomenon does not take place. On the earth, our atmosphere diffuses light so that, when the sun is up, light seems to be everywhere. However, in the airless realms of outer space, strong lights, such as the sun, exist side by side with a dark similar to the dark of the blackest night. The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space, as they do from the earth.
        (10) Leonov reported that the earth appeared as a huge, round disk, filling a large part of the sky. He found that the relief of hills and mountains was more easily observed from that distance than from a plane flying at a few thousand feet.
        (11) While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth. He opened the shutter of the movie camera, which made a record of what he did and saw. When the signal was given for him to return to the ship, he was enjoying the cosmos so much that he was disappointed to have to stop his wanderings so soon.

Translation
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. 

     Altogether, American consumers today owe about 1.3 trillion dollars.
     There is some danger in taking on debts, however, when the economy slackens, and employers lay off workers, families that lose breadwinners often fail to make the payments on their debts. If they fall behind too far on these responsibilities, they run the risk of having their houses, cars, or other items taken over or repossessed by the lenders.
     But in the U.S. economy, most people are lenders as well as borrowers. Normally a family has a saving account, money that is, in effect, loaned to a saving institution in return for interest. Most also have life insurance. The insurance company takes the premiums, guarantees a payment to be made when a policy-holder dies, and meanwhile invests some of the money.
     Many experts recommend that families save no less than 5 percent of their disposable income for further needs.
     Many countries depend much less than the U.S. does on the marketplace to decide who will sell goods and in what quantity. In communist and socialist countries, government agencies decide the amount, type and price of many goods to be produced. Many or all places of economic activity such as factories, farms, mines, utilities and transportation network are owned chiefly by the government.
     In the U.S., too, the role of government is growing. Corporate leaders and economists are wondering how much regulation the market system can take before it loses its ability to respond to consumer needs. But the system continues to function, and business continues to work for more profits and consumers for more income, knowing that they will be able to retain much of their wealth.
     Most men and women learn early that society places a certain monetary value on various professions and skills, based again on the law of supply and demand. Doctors, who must study long years to develop specialized skills and are therefore in short supply, earn more than labors who have little training and many competitions for the same job.
     That is not to say that good jobs and more wealth are guaranteed to Americans. The U.S. economy has been plagued periodically with two major problems: high unemployment and the rising cost of living - inflation.
     The two problems are closely linked. When prices climb faster than people’s incomes, families sooner or later are forced to cut back on buying in order to make each end meet.
     That limits what business can produce and how many people they can employ. It may even start a temporary decline in the country’s economy - such as the one that ran from late 1973 to the spring of 1975, when millions of people were laid off from their jobs.
     Still, despite all of the problems that exist, most Americans prefer the U.S. economic system to any other, as the result of poll after poll indicates.

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Above all of using it is to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.

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I had never been very well coordinated physically as a child.

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Bids from interested buyers appear on your computer screen, which is instantly updated as better on your computer screen.

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While most auction sites follow eBay’s lead by starting off with the lowest bid, others such as Basement.com and OutletZoo.com start prices high and drop them little by little until the item is sold.

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Even the most perfect instrument will fail, unless people put it to good use.

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Those decisions might include far-reaching institutional reforms. Indeed, I hope they will.

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We use it to establish the basic conditions for justice and the rule of law.

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Its founders intended to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.

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I urge you to seek agreement on ways of improving it.

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The United Nations is, by no means a perfect instrument, but it is a precious one.