Read the following passage and choose the most likely answer to each of the following questions.

     Is a genius a remarkable musician who moves our spirits, an artist who creates beautiful paintings, a student who scores off the charts on an IQ test? Consider the other varieties o geniuses-those with amazing musical, artistic, athletic and intellectual talents. Were the Mozarts and Monets of the world bom with their genius? Or did their environment shape who they became?

     Genes appear to have a big role in our intelligence and talents. Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified a specific gene that may help manage out will level for organizing things logically. Although this is just one part of the mystery between out genes and intelligence, the discovery certainly warrants some thought. This type of discovery may help explain why early studies in regard to intelligence seem to favor genetics over environment when it comes to IQ. Those studies showed that even though some adoptive children grew up in an environment completely separate from their biological parents, their IQs were more related to theirs than those of the adoptive parents.

     However, that's not the end of the story. As mentioned, the possible gene linked to organizing things logically is a piece of a much larger puzzle. That goes for intelligence and other talents, as well. Most of the time, when society claims someone as a genius, it's for multiple traits-personality, cognitive capacity, motivation-working together. As it tums out, these traits and others like them have been linked to strong hereditary(遗传的)underpinnings. 

     Even though these beloved traits have a basis in genetics, that doesnt mean they're set in stone.According to cognitive psychologist Scott Barry Kaufman, a hereditary advantage fora trait that might lead us to great things isn't a sure thing. Someone could be a gifted child if everything comes together early on, but genius might not emerge until later in life-and it can even weaken. This is where genetics and environment disagree.

     For those of us not hitting the genetic jackpot how much hope can environmental nfluences provide? A lot, especially when it comes to superior performance. Anders Ericsson of Florida State University Department of Psychology has found that even though our society's high performers, such as Olympic athletes and first-chair musicians, seem bom to their roles, we can be assured that knowledge training and practice are at play. LImited access to programs, resources and even proper nutrition can be discouraging challenges.
     For example, if a child shows a small amount of athletic promise-perhaps he or she can kick a ball farther than his or her pals-that child may start kicking the ball more, hanging out with other kids who can kick a ball and joining a soccer team. The adults in the child's life might applaud success, leading to even more practice and achievement. On the other hand, the child who falls down the first time he or she kicks a ball might always be picked last for the team and be too dicouraged to give it another try.

     Neither genetics nor environment appears to work alone. You can't necessarily predict genius from birth. Who knows when and at what point your genius might develop? After all, what if the reason that child fell the first time he or she went to kick the ball wasn't a lack of skill but slippery grass?

①Any dog owner will tell you that dogs are compassionate and can sense human emotions. But a new study suggests that dogs’ emotions are closer to ours than once thought. According to the study, along with the most basic emotions—anger, fear—dogs also feel a simple form of envy. The study is the first to demonstrate that animals other than humans experience envy, which has long been considered an emotion that requires self-consciousness. Maybe that behavior is not uniquely human.
②To reveal this behaviour, scientists at the University of Vienna put together pairs of domestic dogs, each accompanied by an experimenter. Both dogs in each pair were given commands to place their paws in the experimenter’s hands, and when they obeyed, they were given a reward—a piece of bread or sausage. But when one dog wasn’t given a reward for obeying, and the other dog in the room was, the unrewarded dog would refuse to respond to the repeated commands. The scientists measured the dogs’ responses by how many times they had to prompt the unrewarded dog before it obeyed.
③The dogs’ reaction to the unfair distribution of rewards is called “inequity aversion”—-when an animal acts to stop perceived inequalities within its social group—and it is a defining characteristic of social, or cooperative, species. “They wanted the same reward for the same work,” says Paul Morris, a scientist in psychology. Morris is quick to explain that the study’s results aren’t anthropomorphic: “I’m not saying that dog jealousy is precisely like human jealousy.” Instead, he says, the dogs likely experienced a primitive form of envy.
④Emotions are a result of evolution: they cause organisms to act in ways that enable their survival. Jealousy, for instance, improves an animal’s chance of survival by promoting it to protect its mates and secure alliances for safety. Historically, science has separated emotions into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary emotions such as fear and anger are considered universal, while it is thought that secondary emotions such as envy, jealousy and guilt require more complex cognitive processes. That is, envy is not a very simple emotion.
⑤Most dog lovers don’t need a study to tell them that their pets are capable of feeling more complex emotions. They are probably thinking, “Of course,” because they’ve already found that their dogs clearly have a sense of fair play and justice. Their dogs also demonstrate guilt when they found empty food wrappers on the kitchen counter and asked who did it. Immediately the dogs’ tails went between their legs, and they had this really sheepish expression on their faces. They knew they weren’t supposed to do that. They also behave jealously when their owners pay attention to other dogs.
⑥But while the study may be stating the obvious to dog owners, researchers say this particular breakthrough helps the research on animal cognition. “The argument has always been that the reason why chimps can do really sophisticated stuff is because they’re almost like people,” Morris says. But “when you have other organisms doing these sophisticated things, it challenges our models.”
⑦The study also lends weight to the concerns of animal rights and welfare activists. “The more we understand about what animals actually experience, or what they feel, the better we can judge what we do to them,” Morals says. So it’s good news for animal lovers that Man’s Best Friend is the jealous type.

Read the following passage and choose the most likely answer to each of the following questions.

    Our success, satisfaction and general happiness in life is not dependent on what happens to us but how we deal with it.
    You will probably know yourself from personal experience what a difference your attitude can make when, for example, you’re returning faulty goods or making a complaint. An open, polite and friendly approach, expecting a satisfactory result, normally results in one as people tend to respond with a similar attitude. If, however, you present an argument with an angry, accusing tone, expecting trouble, there is little doubt that this is what you’ll get!
    Some people see the world through a filter of optimism and some through a filter of pessimism which largely comes down to having a predominantly positive or negative attitude. People who are suffering from a negative attitude primarily think that something can’t be done; they dwell on problems, see all the pitfalls, find fault with and criticize other people and focus on all the things they would like but haven’t got. People blessed with a positive attitude by contrast think that anything is possible, they look for solutions, they see the good in everybody, and they are grateful for all the good things in their lives. Whether suffering from or blessed with your attitude, this is not something that is imposed on us from the outside. We are very much responsible for our own attitude. We all start out with a “clean” slate but this can get muddied by our experiences in life. As children we get ridiculed and bullied, criticized and rejected, start to experience doubt and lose our self-confidence. If this continues into adulthood, it can result in a downward spiral which fuels the fires of a bad attitude in later life.
    However, there is a choice. The first step is recognizing that there is a different way to view life. If you feel that a bad attitude is dragging you down, you need to start making a definite effort to see the positive in a situation. It may not be easy in every situation but just start off small. A step in the right direction may just be that you accept an unfortunate situation and move on rather than believing that everything and everyone is conspiring against you to make your life as difficult and unpleasant as possible. We all have moments like that, but luckily, most of the time, we soon see just how unreasonable these thoughts are.
    Your attitude impacts on all aspects of your life. When faced with problems and difficulties in life, most peoples’ first response is to complain and wonder why this had to happen to them. This is a natural response and one which might even cross the minds of generally positive people. However, in the face of adversity you must remember that you have a choice. You can wallow in (沉湎于) self-pity and do nothing but complain, or you can start looking for solutions to the problem and start moving on. We all know which is the best way, but sometimes we have to step back from the situation and consciously decide that we’re going to take the positive route even if initially it doesn’t come naturally. Everything gets easier with practice, even being positive.
    The key to what sort of life you live is the recognition that you do have a choice. Everyone’s circumstances are different but we all have this choice. Basically, life is 10% of what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.

Read the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 2
①In most of Asia，marriage is widespread and illegitimacy ( 未婚生育）almost unknown. In contrast, half of marriages in some Western countries end in divorce,
and half of all children are born outside marriage.
②Yet marriage is changing fast in Asia. What’s happening there is a flight from marriage. More and more Asians choose to remain unmarried because they are unwilling to get hitched. In fact, a lot of them are not marrying at all. So far, the trend has not affected Asia’s two giants ， China and India. But it is likely to, as the economic factors that have driven it elsewhere in Asia sweep through those two countries as well.
③Women are retreating from marriage as they go into the workplace. That’s partly because, for a woman, being both employed and married is tough in Asia. Women there are the primary caregivers for husbands, children and, often, for ageing parents; and even when in full-time employment, they are expected to continue to play this role. This is true elsewhere in the world, but the burden that Asian women carry is particularly heavy. Japanese women, who typically work 40 hours a week in the office, then do, on average, another 30 hours of housework.
Their husbands, on average, do three hours. Not surprisingly, Asian women have an unusually pessimistic view of marriage.
④At the same time as employment makes marriage tougher for women，it offers them an alternative. More women are financially independent, so more of them can pursue a single life that may appeal more than the drudgery of a traditional marriage. More education has also contributed to the decline of marriage，because Asian women with the most education have always been the most reluctant to wed.
⑤The flight from marriage in Asia is thus the result of the greater freedom that women enjoy these days, which is to be celebrated. But it is also creating social problems. Compared with the West, Asian countries have invested less in pensions and other forms of social protection, on the assumption that the family will look after ageing or ill relatives. That can no longer be taken for granted. The decline of marriage is also contributing to the collapse in the birth rate. That is beginning to cause huge demographic problems, as populations age with startling speed. And there are other less obvious issues. Less marriage might mean more crime.
⑥Can marriage be revived in Asia? Maybe, if expectations of those roles of both sexes change，but shifting traditional attitudes is hard. Governments cannot legislate away popular prejudices. They can, though, encourage change. Relaxing divorce laws might, paradoxically, boost marriage. Women who now steer clear of marriage might be more willing to tie the knot if they know it can be untied—not
just because they can get out of the marriage if it doesn’t work, but also because
their freedom to leave might keep their husbands on their toes. Family law should
give divorced women a more generous share of the couple’s assets. Governments should also legislate to get employers to offer both maternal and paternal leave, and provide or subsidize child care. If taking on such expenses helped promote family life, it might reduce the burden on the state of looking after the old.
⑦Asian governments have long taken the view that the superiority of their family life was one of their big advantages over the West. That confidence is no longer warranted. They need to wake up to the huge social changes happening in their countries and think about how to cope with the consequences.

Passage 2
①In China today, Internet addiction has acquired a symbolic function that is about more than health. At Film Forum on August 6th, “Web Junkie, ”by the Israeli filmmakers, takes us inside an Internet-addiction treatment center in Beijing to chronicle the ways in which technology, wealth, and autonomy are altering the ties between young people and the elders who strain to comprehend those changes.
②Jim is a sixteen-year-old who was playing World of Warcraft ten hours a day by the time his parents gave up on him. In a series of powerful scenes in counseling sessions, we watch a family failing under the pressures of work and expectation. His father, a thin，quiet man, admits to beating his son and trying to stab him“just to scare”him into obedience, before admitting that they have no way to communicate. “ It’s worse than talking to a stranger, the father says. The son threatens suicide. “At home, I feel I don't exist," he tells his parents, trying to explain why he escaped into the emotional refuge of a vast online world. “On the Internet, I have friends who care about me,” he says. A moment later, with little provocation, he picks up a metal stool and asks his father, “ Do you want to die?”
③The most revealing moments in “Web Junkie” have little to do with the Internet or addiction; they are about private, perceptual changes within families, as young Chinese men and their parents struggle with questions of individuality, personal freedom, self-development, and trust. Many of the parents seem to be loving but preoccupied, and they would prefer to pin their troubles on mysterious new technologies than on the underlying causes of their children's distress. The parents, raised in another China, have no way to relate to their children, and little
time to try. In one scene, a clinician places phone calls to parent after parent, trying in vain to persuade them to leave work and accompany their children in treatment. In a final reunion scene, parents greet their children awkwardly as a voice through a loudspeaker advises, “Parents, hug your kids.”
④Professor Tao Ran, the founder of the center and a pioneer in Web-addiction treatment in China, is a particularly surprising character. At first, he is cast as the quack ( 冒牌医生）exclaiming about the Web as “digital heroin.” But then he
addresses a room full of parents and describes, insightfully, that a generation of only children, who face narrowing job prospects and heavy pressure to support their aging parents, present a challenge that China has never faced. “ Do you know how lonely your kids are?” he asks. “So where do they look for friends? The internet.”
⑤“Web Junkie”does not end with any tidy answers. The devotion that young Chinese feel to the Internet is driven by deep factors ranging from youth unemployment and income inequality to demographic imbalance between men and women. Even for those who are growing up with more prosperity and autonomy than their parents ever imagined, the Web is an escape from reality. In one scene, a kid is sitting patiently while a technician fits his head with a peculiar bonnet made of rubber tubing and wires. “Close your eyes and think about something happy,” the clinician says. Asked, upon his departure, what he learned at the Chinese Teenagers Mental Growth Center, one young man shrugs and says,“How to escape.”

Passage 1
①The Palace Hotel at Fort Romper was painted a light blue, a color of blue found on the legs of a certain bird that makes it bright in any surroundings. The Palace Hotel, then, looked always loud and screaming in a way that made the bright winter scenes of Nebraska seem only a dull gray. It stood alone, and when the snow was falling, the town two hundred yards away could not be seen.
②When a traveler came from the railroad station, he was obliged to pass the Palace Hotel before he came to the group of low houses which was Fort Romper. It was believed that no traveler could pass the Palace Hotel without looking at it. Pat Scully，the hotel-owner, had proved himself a master at choosing paints. It is true that on clear days, when the long lines of trains swept through Fort Romper, passengers were surprised at the sight. Those that knew the brown-reds, and the dark greens of the eastern part of the country laughingly expressed shame, pity and shock. But to the citizens of this western town and to the people who stopped there, Pat Scully had performed a wonder.
③As if the displayed delights of such a blue hotel were not sufficiently inviting, Scully went every morning and evening to meet the trains that stopped at Romper. He would express greetings and welcome to anyone he might see hesitating.
④One morning when a snow-covered engine dragged its long string of cars to the station, Scully performed the marvelous trick of catching three men. One was a shaky and quick-eyed Swede, with a great, shining, cheap bag; one was a tall, sun-browned cowboy, who was on his way to a job near the Dakota border; one was a little silent man from the east coast, who didn't look like it and didn't announce it.
⑤Scully practically made them prisoners. He was so quick and merry and kindly that each probably felt it would be cruel to try to escape. So they followed the eager little man. He wore a heavy fur cap pulled tightly down on his head. It caused his two red ears to stand out stiffly, as if they were made of tin.
⑥At last, Scully grandly conducted them through the door of the blue hotel. The room which they entered was small. It was occupied mostly by a huge stove in the center, which was burning with great force. At various points on its surface the iron had become shiny and glowed yellow from the heat. Beside the stove, Scully's son, Johnnie, was playing a game of cards with an old farmer. They were quarreling.
⑦With loud words Scully stopped their play, and hurried his son upstairs with the bags of the new guests. He himself led them to three bowls of the icy water. The cowboy and the Easterner washed themselves in this water until they were as red as fixe. The Swede, however, merely placed his fingers in the bowl. It was noticeable throughout these proceedings that the three travelers were made to feel that Scully was very kind indeed. He was giving out great favors.
⑧Afterwards, they returned to the first room. There, sitting about the stove, they listened to Scully shouting at his daughters, who were preparing the noon meal. They employed the silence of experienced men who moved carefully among new people. The Swede was especiallly silent. He seemed to be occupied in making secret judgments of each man in the room. One might have thought that he had the sense of foolish fear which accompanied guilt. He looked like a badly frightened man.

Read the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 1
①For 28 years I drove a New York City taxi. Now, if you were to ask me what I had for breakfast yesterday, I probably couldn’t tell you. But the memory of one fare is so vivid. I’ll remember it all my days.
②It was a sunny spring morning. I was cruising down York Avenue looking for
a customer. A well-dressed man reached the cab and jumped in. “LaGuardia Airport, please, “ he said.
③As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this guy a talker, a mummy,
a newspaper reader? After a few moments, he started a conversation. “How do you like driving a cab?” ”I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes. But if I could get a job making $100 a week more, I’d take it—just like you would.” His reply intrigued me. “I would not change jobs if it meant I had to take a cut of a hundred a week.” I’d never heard anyone say such a thing. “What do you do?” “I ’m in the neurology department at New York Hospital. ”
④I’ve always been curious about people, and I’ve tried to learn what I could from them. Many times during long rides, I’d developed a rapport with my passengers—and quite often I’d received very good advice from accountants, lawyers, and plumbers. Maybe it was that this fellow clearly loved his work; maybe it was just the pleasant mood of a spring morning. But I decided to ask for his help. “Could I ask a big favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son，15, a good kid. He’s doing well in school. He wants a job. But a 15-year-old can’t get hired unless his old man knows someone who owns a business，and I don’t.” I paused. “Is there any possibility that you might get him some kind of a summer job— even if he doesn’t get paid?” He still wasn’t talking，and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, at the airport, he said, “Well, the medical students have a summer research project. Maybe he could fit in. Have him send me his school record.” He scribbled something and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.
⑤That evening, sitting with my family, I pulled the scrap from my pocket. “Robbie，” I announced proudly，“this could be a summer job for you.” He read it out loud: “Fred Plum ， N.Y.Hosp.”
⑥“Is this a joke?” said Robbie.
⑦After I nagged, cajoled, yelled, and finally threatened to cut off his allowance, Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. But gradually the incident was forgotten.
⑧Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, my son was beaming. He handed me a letter addressed to him. Robbie got the job. The white lab coat he wore made him feel a lot more important than he really was as he followed Dr. Plum around the hospital, doing minor tasks for him. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again. He was given more responsibility. As high school graduation neared, Dr. Plum was kind enough to write letters of recommendation for college. Much to our delight, Robbie was accepted at Brown University. Robbie worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of the medical profession. He applied to medical school, and Dr. Plum again wrote letters. Robbie was admitted to New York Medical College.
⑨Some might call it fate, and I guess it was. But it shows you that big opportunities can come out of ordinary encounters—even something as ordinary as a taxi ride.

Read the following passage and choose the most likely answer to each of the following questions.

    We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability, teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
    Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
    In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
    Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

Read the following passage and choose the most likely answer to each of the following questions.

     Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I'd watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time. It was as if he could see invisible lines drawn specifically for these things, not a centimeter more or less. 

     Dad's comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: "Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?"
     I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I'd done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.

     About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn't come home as much as he used to-just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I'd already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didnt he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why took the risk and placed the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
     Today, I'm no longer a kid. Now 28, I've graduated from college and got a job. Dad's business has also started to get back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.
     Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said: "Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb? It's been a while since I last cleaned it. "I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
     It's a new comb. This one's brown. I hadn't noticed that hed changed it. He used to have the green one, then a pink one that he gave to me as a present but took back when his green one broke. I punched a few drops of soap onto an old toothbrush, and I brushed the comb. 

     It hit me then: why, as a child, helping my dad clean his comb was such a joy. That routine meant that my dad was home early to spend the evening with Mum and me. It meant he would watch TV with us or play a few video games with me. It meant a happy and loving family.

     I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed . something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good life for his family.
     Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years, he still organized his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I'm glad.

Read the following passage and choose the most likely answer to each of the following questions.

    My grandmother was an iron-willed woman, the feared matriarch (女首领) of our New York family back in the 1950s.
    When I was five years old, she invited some friends and relatives to her Bronx apartment for a party. Among the guests was a neighborhood big shot who was doing well in business. His wife was proud of their social status and let everyone at the party know it. They had a little girl about my age who was spoiled and very much used to getting her own way.
    Grandmother spent a lot of time with the big shot and his family. She considered them the most important members of her social circle and worked hard at currying their favor.
    At one point during the party, I made my way to the bathroom and closed the door behind me. A minute or two later, the little girl opened the bathroom door and grandly walked in. I was still sitting down.
    “Don’t you know that little girls aren’t supposed to come into the bathroom when a little boy is using it!?” I shouted loudly.
    The surprise of my being there, along with the indignation I had heaped upon her, stunned the little girl. Then she started to cry. She quickly closed the door, ran to the kitchen, and tearfully complained to her parents and my grandmother.
    Most of the partygoers had overheard my loud remark and were greatly amused by it. But not Grandmother.
    She was waiting for me when I left the bathroom. I received the longest, sharpest tongue-lashing of my young life. Grandmother yelled that I was impolite and rude and that I had insulted that nice little girl. The guests watched and drew back in absolute silence. So forceful was my grandmother’s personality that no one dared stand up for me.
    After her scolding speech was over and I had been dismissed, the party continued, but the atmosphere was much tenser.
    Twenty minutes later, all that changed. Grandmother walked by the bathroom and noticed a stream of water flowing out from under the door.
    She shrieked twice—first in astonishment, then in rage. She flung open the bathroom door and saw that the sink and tub were plugged up and that the faucets (水龙头) were going at full blast.
    Everyone knew who the criminal was. The guests quickly formed a protective barricade around me, but Grandmother was so furious that she almost got to me anyway, waving her arms as if trying to swim over the crowd.
    Several strong men eventually moved her away and calmed her down, although she was still hot with anger for quite a while.
    My grandfather took me by the hand and sat me on his lap in a chair near the window. He was a kind and gentle man, full of wisdom and patience. Rarely did he raise his voice to anyone, and never did he argue with his wife or resist her wishes.
    He looked at me with much curiosity, not at all angry or upset. “Tell me,” he asked, “why did you do it?”
    “Well, she yelled at me for nothing,” I said earnestly. “Now she’s got something to yell about.”
    Grandfather didn’t speak right away. He just sat there, looking at me and smiling.
    “Eric,” he said at last, “you are my revenge.”

Read the following paragraphs and answer the question.

     At last, Scully grandly conducted them through the door of the blue hotel. The room which they entered was small. It was occupied mostly by a huge stove in the center, which was burning with great force. At various points on its surface the iron had become shiny and glowed yellow from the heat. Beside the stove, Scully's son, Johnnie, was playing a game of cards with an old farmer. They were quarreling. 

Which of the following descriptions of the hotel is TRUE?（）

Read the following paragraphs and answer the question.

        The problem with selfie culture isn’t only what we look at; it’s also how we love and how we live. In a culture defined by the selfie, nothing has lasting value but the self, which means everyone and everything can be disposed of whenever something better shows up. For example, online dating services make it easy to find a mate with the click of a mouse, why not keep looking and looking and looking? When the going gets tough in one relationship, why not get going and find someone better?

What is implied about the people who share selfies according to the research?（）

⑤Since that time, I have had the opportunity, or to be exact, the blessing of being able to sit down and visit with people who at the time just happen to be displaced. I have heard that, statistically, the majority of us could not make it if we had to go two months without an income and homelessness were to happen to us. Speaking for me, yes, that would be true and my immediate reaction would be like the first gentleman I mentioned. I might have nothing else but I would want to maintain my dignity as long as possible. Accepting help is sometimes harder than giving it.

In Paragraph 5, “people who at the time just happen to be displaced” refers to（ ）

Read the following paragraphs and answer the question.

     Bryan just smiled as he closed her trunk. The lady asked how much she owed him. Any amount would have been all right with her. She already imagined all the awful things that could have happened had he not stopped. Bryan never thought twice about being paid. This was not a job to him. This was helping someone in need, and many people had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way, and it never occurred to him to act any other way. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance he/she needed, and Bryan added, “And think of me.” 

Which of the following can best describe Bryant’ action?（）

①Every day as I drove through town, I saw a one-legged man going through ash cans for cigarette butts and trash cans outside of fast food restaurants looking for food. It was only a month before Christmas, starting to get cold, and I could not quit thinking about him. It was a year when we didn't have enough money to really have much in the way of presents, but I figured what was too little for us would be a lot for someone who had nothing.
②So I bought a toothbrush, toothpaste, a pack of cigarettes, cans of tuna, just little things that didn't cost much and then I added a blanket and sweatshirts. I made a box up like a present and went in search of this man. I saw him hobble away from the dumpster next to McDonalds. I pulled over, grabbed the box and went up to him. I said, “I would like to give you a Christmas present. There are some food items in here and some things you might be able to use.”

How did the writer feel about the one-legged man when she saw him?（ ） 

Read the following paragraphs and answer the question.

     While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

The statistics recorded in the preference tests show（）.

Read the following paragraphs and answer the question.

     Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola (可口饮料) companies—Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. 

It is implied in this paragraph that（）.

Read the following paragraphs and answer the question.
     By 1890, domestic science courses were being offered widely in American public high schools, as well as in colleges and universities. These courses included instruction in cooking, sewing, home decoration, home sanitation, home hygiene, home nursing, etc. The teaching of domestic science in the secondary schools led to a demand for the training of home economics teachers in the colleges. However, the major emphasis on home management remained until the early part of the 20th century.

What can be inferred from this paragraph?（） 

Read the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Passage 1
①   One day a man saw an old lady, stranded on the side of the road, but even in the dim light of day, he could see she needed help. So he pulled up in front of her Mercedes and got out. His Pontiac was still sputtering
when he approached her.
②   Even with the smile on his face, she was worried. No one had stopped to help for the last hour or so. Was he going to hurt her? He didn't look safe; he looked poor and hungry. He could see that she was frightened, standing out there in the cold. He knew how she felt. It was those chills which only fear can put in you. He said, “I am here to you, ma'am. Why don't you wait in the car where it's warm? By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson.”
③   Well, all she had was a flat tire, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Bryan crawled under the car looking for a place to put the jack, skinning his knuckles (指关节）a time or two. Soon he was able to change the tire. But he had to get dirty and his hands hurt. As he was finishing, she rolled down the window and began to talk to him. She said she couldn't thank him enough for coming to her aid.
④   Bryan just smiled as he closed her trunk. The lady asked how much she owed him. Any amount would have been all right with her. She already imagined all the awful things that could have happened had he not stopped. Bryan never thought twice about being paid. This was not a job to him. This was helping someone in need, and many people had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way, and it never occurred to him to act any other way. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance he/she needed, and Bryan added, “And think of me.”
⑤   He waited until she started her car and drove off. It had been a cold and depressing day, but he felt good as he headed for home, disappearing into the twilight.
⑥   A few miles down the road the lady saw a small cafe. She went in to grab a bite to eat. It was a dingy looking restaurant the waitress came over and brought a clean towel to wipe her wet hair. She had a sweet smile, one that even being on her face for the whole day couldn't erase. The lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant, but she never let the strain and aches change her attitude. The old lady wondered how someone who had so little could be so giving to a stranger. Then she remembered Bryan.
⑦   After the lady finished her meal, she paid with a hundred dollar bill. The waitress quickly went to get change, but the old lady had slipped right out the door. She was gone by the time the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be. Then she noticed something written on the napkin. There were tears in her eyes when she read what the lady wrote: “You don’t owe me anything. Somebody once helped me out, the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do: Do not let this chain of love end with you. Under the napkin were four more $100 bills.”
⑧   That night when she got home from work and climbed into bed, she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written. How could the lady have known how much she and her husband needed it? With the baby due next month, it was going to be hard...
⑨   She knew how worried her husband was, and as he lay sleeping next to her, she gave him a soft kiss and whispered soft and low, “Everything’s going to be all right. I love you, Bryan Anderson.” 

Read the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Passage 2
①   The study of home economics began in the United States after the American Revolution. In colonial America, as in the Old World, a young woman received instruction in homemaking and child care primarily at home. But in the 19th century a number of forces helped create a favorable climate for the introduction of home economics as a field of study in schools. Among the most significant were a spirit of humanitarianism, faith in education, and a belief in the equal rights of women.
②   The early American's confidence in a person’s ability to shape his or her environment through education led to the founding of colleges that taught occupational skills. When women began to share in higher education, the household arts became a part of the curriculum as both a cultural and a professional field of study.
③   The first institutions to provide a foundation for the growth of home economics education were the land-grant colleges and universities. These land-grant institutions sought “to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes.” They offered technical courses that were related to the lives of their students. Some of these courses were especially designed to serve the needs of women students.
④   By 1890, domestic science courses were being offered widely in American public high schools, as well as in colleges and universities. These courses included instruction in cooking, sewing, home decoration, home sanitation, home hygiene, home nursing, etc. The teaching of domestic science in the secondary schools led to a demand for the training of home economics teachers in the colleges. However, the major emphasis on home management remained until the early part of the 20th century.
⑤   In 1909 the American Home Economics Association was founded, The members of the association were dedicated to the improvement of living conditions in the home and the community, and they worked to win acceptance for home economics education. Their efforts were aided greatly by the passage of the Vocational Education Act of 1917, which provided federal funds to pay the salaries of home economics teachers as well as teachers of agricultural, trade, and industrial subjects. By 1920, 6,000 high schools in the United States were offering courses in home economics. As the social sciences developed, some of their findings were incorporated into the home economics curriculum. the original emphasis on food, clothing, and shelter was broadened to include such topics as human relationships. By 1935, home economics educators were being urged to glean from ” all fields of knowledge, all lines of activity” whatever might serve to improve families and family life.
⑥   As the scope of home economics training broadened, the variety of professions in home economics increased on the university level, home economics training became more and more specialized. On the secondary school level, the focus of home economics education changed from “how to do it” to “why it is done.” Overall, the study of home economics has been influenced by the changing quality of modem life. Today, home economics students are no longer taught merely how to cook and sew but also how to buy the food they prepare and fabrics for the clothing they make. In fact, a large number of home economics courses place greater emphasis on consumer education than on homemaking skills. Moreover, home economics appears to be moving away from areas of concern only to the individual or the family and toward problems of national and international concern, such as overpopulation, urban poverty, and the development of emerging nations.