(1) Radical socio-political changes such as wars, invasions, occupation, colonialization, and language planning and standardization policies lead to vigorous language changes.
(2) A typical example is the Norman Conquest, a military event that marked the dawning of the Middle English period.
(3) Other examples include British colonial settlement, and the country's political, cultural and economic advances in distant lands such as North America, Oceania, South Africa, and India, which lead to the change of English into British, American, Australian, New Zealand, South Africa and Indian varieties.

(1)诸如战争、入侵、占领、殖民、语言规划和标准化政策等激进的社会政治变革导致了语言的剧烈变化。

(2)典型的例子是诺曼征服，这一军事事件标志着中世纪英语时代的到来。
(3)其他的例子包括英国殖民定居，以及该国在诸如北美、大洋洲、南非和印度等偏远地区的政治、文化和经济发展，这些进步导致了英语语言有了多种变化：不列颠英语，美国英语，澳大利亚英语，新西兰英语，南非英语，印度英语。