CAREFUL READING
Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and choose the corresponding letter.

     The desire for friendship is always with us but we do not always have friends. In fact, the first thing that our own experiences, as well as any of the great philosophers, tell us about true friendship is that it is very rare. A lot of our associations seem like friendships at first. Only to break down and disappear in time, these lack what might be called the “prerequisites(先决条件)”. In trying to set down what they are, we must begin by clearly distinguishing between relationships that are accidental and transient and those that are essential and enduring.
     Aristotle offers us substantial help here by pointing out that there are three kinds of friendship: the friendships based (1)on utility, (2)on pleasure, and(3)on virtue. 
     The friendships of utility and pleasure go together and are no doubt the most common. Everyone has experienced them. People are“friendly”to their business associates, neighbors, the members of their car pool, and even on trains, boats and air planes. This kind of good manners is, to some degree, a form of friendship, the friendship of utility, of mutual convenience.
     These lower forms of friendship are not necessarily bad, but they are inadequate. One of their defects results from the fact that they depend on and vary with circumstances. This is why they can quickly arise and just as quickly disappear. By contrast, when the book of proverbs says, “A friend loves at all times,” it is referring to a higher form of friendship that does not depend on circumstance. In order to overcome the effect of time and chance occurrence, it must be based on the inherent qualities of the individuals involved. A friendship so secured cannot be a passing friendship. 
     True friendship, then, is more than (although it often includes) both utility and pleasure. For Aristotle, such a friendship must be based on a good moral character. Only in that way can it last. Further, it must develop slowly, since it presupposes familiarity, knowledge, and eventually mutual trust.