CAREFUL READING
Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and choose the corresponding letter.

（1）Maria Montessori based her educational plan upon the observation of children in diverse cultures. Therefore, her discoveries are not accurately described as Montessori principles. They are universal principles of human behavior, which belong to all peoples, societies, and cultures. These universal principles are a sound foundation for educational systems everywhere.
（2）As a medical student at the University of Rome, Montessori studied the origin and formation of living beings. When she returned to the University of Rome, after a successful medical career, to study education, philosophy and other subjects, Montessori remained attracted by development in all forms of life. While working with children and young adults, she recognized specific stages in human formation. Eventually, she identified four such planes of development. There are two planes of childhood, resulting at age twelve in a mature child, and two planes of adulthood, resulting at age twenty-four in adult maturity.
（3）To highlight the dramatic nature of the child's change from one stage of development to the next, Montessori compared developmental planes to the transformation of a butterfly. The various stages of larva（幼虫）, chrysalis（蛹）, and adult butterfly are so different as to be unrecognizable one from the other. So, too, the differences of each plane of human formation are so extraordinary that the young person appears in each as a re-created being. Each of these four planes of development builds upon the last so that faulty development in any one affects the successful completion of all the others.
（4）Montessori observed that regular education fails to notice these planes of development. In fact, the first stage of development, from birth to age six, is ignored because schooling does not begin until it is over. She referred to the school children of her day as so many "dried butterflies "pinned to a display board. She drew a chart depicting the linear ascent （直线上升）of education based as it is upon feeding information to children as if they were blanks to be imprinted upon.
（5）In contrast, Montessori drew a chart reflecting the actual development of children. It shows that in each plane there is an emergence or rebirth of development that reaches a peak and then declines. It emphasizes the regularity of human development in this regard. Montessori believed that schooling should correspond to the child's developmental periods. “Instead of dividing schools into nursery, primary, secondary, amid university, we should divide education in planes and each of these should correspond to the phase the developing individual goes through.”