​SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
The following questions are based on the following passage. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage 4. 

     Substantial research suggests that, given the existing health tendency and health condition of an individual at a particular time, the probability of better or worse future health of spouses is affected by a variety of social factors that are subject to influence of his or her spouse. 

     There are many ways in which spouses can influence each other's probability of good health. Spouses can promote each other’s health by alleviating psychological stress. A substantial literature provides strong evidence that psychological stress causes illness, increases mortality risk, and is an important mechanism that links socio-economic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-reducing mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress through confidential conversation, psychiatric treatment （精神治疗）, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors. 

     Spouses can also promote each other’s health by providing supportive social contacts, and they can facilitate or inhibit each other's social contact with supportive others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, co-workers and acquaintances. Recent data show that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to diseases than those with less diverse social networks. 

     Spouses can also promote each other’s health by providing each other with money income, and they can help each other manage it effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health possible. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic （卫生的）and safe environment, medical care, and facilities that reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged（分居的）or unusually wealthy, spouses share their financial resources and consume these health-promoting goods and services.