I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.

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     The third step is to stock up your fridge with healthy snacks. A study surveyed 120,000 healthy men and women over the course of 20 years. "It determined that weight gain was most strongly associated with the intake of crisps, potatoes without skins, sugar-sweetened beverages, and processed and unprocessed red meats," says Mee. "The foods associated with weight loss were fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and yogurts." Ultra-processed foods are high in salt, fat, sugar, and calories but low in nutrition. They trigger the brain's reward pathways and cause cravings for more. So, you'd better have less-processed snacks at hand, like nuts, hard-boiled eggs, or natural yogurts with some chopped fruits.

    "What I tell my clients is to take steps to accept the situation, look at their lifestyle, while making small changes over time to improve the quality of the food they eat. I don't claim to have all the answers, but I do know those are habits that make for healthier lives," says Mee.

Supply the missing paragraph: The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.

         First of all, teenagers are the largest group of mallgoers. The boys saunter by in sneakers, T-shirts, and blue jeans, complete with a package of cigarettes sticking out of their pockets. The girls stumble along in high-heeled shoes and fancy hairstyles, with hairbrushes tucked in the rear pockets of their tight-fitting designer jeans. Traveling in a gang that resembles a wolf pack, the teenagers make the shopping mall their hunting ground. Their raised voices, loud laughter and occasional shouted obscenities can be heard from as for as half a mile away. They basically just come to “hang out”.
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         Apart from teenagers and lovers, nuclear family members can also be identified as the largest group of mallgoers. Mom, Dad and little Jenny of Fred, visit the mall on Friday and Saturday evenings. Mom walks around looking at various things until she discovers that Jenny is seeing some of the special mall exhibits geared toward little children, or in the case of Fred, he is heading for the place that young boys find appealing. Indeed, the mall provides something special for every member of the nuclear family.
         In a word, the teenagers, lovers on dates, and the nuclear family make up the majority of mallgoers.There are also gray-hairs, whose attention may suddenly be caught by some modern gadgets. These people may end up spending little money, but they need not purchase anything to find pleasure at the mall. They are shopping for inexpensive recreation, and the mall provides it.

The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion of about 100 words on“Buying a Car or Going on a Vacation?”. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.

Poor Study Habits

Studying is an art. Many students do not know how to do it properly though. It seems as if they are always behind schedule when it comes to handing in homework, or preparing for a test. If they knew how to increase the effectiveness of their studying habits, they would feel less stressed and more on top of their deadlines. In order to educate students on how to study well, the following paragraphs will discuss five poor study habits that lead students into trouble, and how to tackle these defects.

Procrastination is perhaps the most dangerous habit students develop. They put off their assignments until it is almost impossible to do well on them. According to the University of the People, “There are many anti-procrastination strategies you can adopt, from better time management to being more organized, following to-do-lists, to asking someone to check up on your progress” (“5 Bad Study Habits To Drop And 4 Good Ones To Keep”). However, to not procrastinate is more of a personal choice. Inner motivation is more important than outer motivation.

Following motivation, each person studies better in certain places. Libraries, cafes, studying rooms in schools, and more, are often referred to as conductive places to dive into your assignments. The University of the People states that, “Rule of thumb: If you fall asleep when you read in a place (say, the couch or your bed), this isn’t the best studying place for you. The same goes for a place with a lot of distractions, like the beach” (“5 Bad Study Habits To Drop And 4 Good Ones To Keep”). The best thing to do is to practice studying in various locales and see what works best for your brain. You will never know for sure where you study best until you try out many different locations.

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The above text is not complete without the four options, but which of the following could be taken as the last paragraph?（）

Why Anger is Bad for Your Health

Expressed anger is not only damaging to your relationships, but also to your health. There are specific conditions that anger creates within the human body that negatively affects our well-being. These effects are usually said to be risks to your heart, higher risks of stroke, a weaker immune system, an increase in anxiety, being more prone to depression, weaker lungs, and a shorter lifespan.

Sometimes when we are angry, we can feel our heart pump harder. This is not coincidence. According to Everyday Health, “Most physically damaging is anger’s effect on your cardiac health. “In the two hours after an angry outburst, the chance of having a heart attack doubles,” says Chris Aiken, MD, an instructor in clinical psychiatry at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and director of the Mood Treatment Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina” (Strong, Debbie). It is amazing that just by getting angry, it can mean that a heart attack is imminent.

Besides heart risks, prompting a stroke has also been linked to the expression of anger. Stated by the American Academy of Neurology, “Anger and other negative emotions may be triggers for ischemic stroke, according to a study published in the December 14 issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study found that people who had strokes were more likely to have experienced anger or negative emotions in the two hours prior to the stroke than at the same time the day before the stroke” (AAN). Both strokes and heart attacks are serious physical ailments that can lead to death. So, in a sense, anger can be linked to someone’s passing.

A surprising fact is that anger is also bad for our immune system. According to Everyday Health, “If you’re mad all the time, you just might find yourself feeling sick more often. In one study, Harvard University scientists found that in healthy people, simply recalling an angry experience from their past caused a six-hour dip in levels of the antibody immunoglobulin A, the cells’ first line of defense against infection” (Strong, Debbie). So, if you are getting sick often, you should check your level of anger throughout the day.

Now onto a more a psychological condition: anger is connected to increased anxiety. In fact, according to PsychGuides.com, “Unresolved anger issues lead to anxiety, which can have long-term effects on your life. Immediate effects of anxiety might include dizziness, rapid breathing, nausea, muscle pain, muscle tension, headaches, and problems with concentration and memory. Such symptoms can make it difficult to perform routine tasks and can add to generalized anger about life” (“Signs and Symptoms of Anger-Related Issues – Causes and Effects”). Not only does anger make us feel bad, it can also produce higher levels of anxiety that is accompanied by many different symptoms.

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The above text is not complete without the four options, but which of the following could be taken as the last paragraph?（）

Online Education

Studying is obviously not a thing young people enjoy doing. It would be true to say that the majority of adolescents prefer more active ways of spending their time instead of listening to lectures, sitting in a library, writing countless essays and reports, and worrying about exams. At the same time, no one will possibly argue with the fact that education is extremely important in modern western society. A diploma is often a ticket to the world, a pass to adult life, and there does not seem to be a way around this.

Considering how important it is to study, it turns out that one should approach choosing their future area of studies with full responsibility. Chances are that what you study in your college or university will later become your profession. This is why educational systems of some countries such as the United States allows young people to take a “gap year”: a period of time between graduating from high school and entering a higher educational institution. This time can be used for anything a young person wants, but supposedly he or she will spend it earning money to pay for education, or trying to figure out which way of life seems most appealing.

But even if you made a mistake and realized that the field of studies you chose is not for you, you can always take a turn and walk another road. Anyone who wants to study has the full ability to do so, regardless of their age or previous educational background. There are different online schools specializing in teaching specific disciplines. Whether you want to change your profession, or you are disappointed in what you currently study and feel like trying something new, there is always an option for you. Let us take a closer look at online studying, and why it can be an attractive choice.

There are plenty of websites offering educational services. The most popular are probably Udemy and Coursera, but there are also others such as Khan Academy, Skillshare, and edX. Your choice will probably depend on the region you live in, because some of these services may or may not support your native language. Also, some of these services can offer significant discounts, which will most likely affect your choice as well.

Not focusing on the differences between these online platforms, let us find the advantages they possess. When you choose to study online, you will most likely receive access to video materials–as it is the only way you can watch and listen to your instructor. Depending on the complexity of a course, it may be divided into modules that contain educational material, presented in a logical order. Some courses may be designed for novices, while others will focus on advanced learners, so you might want to pay attention to a course’s description before paying for it. You mostly study through watching educational videos and completing assignments given to you by the instructor in PDF documents or otherwise. These assignments can be checked either by your instructor, or by the community, but completing them is your responsibility fully–meaning that no one will control you. Upon finishing a course, you will receive a digital certificate confirming that you have successfully listened to a course of lectures on a certain discipline.

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The above text is not complete without the four options, but which of the following could be taken as the last paragraph?（）

Types of Love

If you did not know already, there are several types of love. The usual flavor of love we see in films and other media products is romantic love, as it is seen as the most appealing. However, literature and psychology has identified seven types of love. These include sexual, friendly, family, universal, playful, practical, and self love. Let us explore these categories in detail in the following paragraphs.

Sexual love is most connected to what we think of as romantic. According to Psychology Today, this type of love is called “eros” in Greek mythology, and that, “it is a form of madness brought about by one of Cupid’s arrows. The arrow breaches us and we ‘fall’ in love, as did Paris with Helen, leading to the Trojan War and the downfall of Troy and much of the assembled Greek army. In modern times, eros has been amalgamated with the broader life force, something akin to Schopenhauer’s will, a fundamentally blind process of striving for survival and reproduction” (“These Are the 7 Types of Love”). Though most people do not connect infatuation with love, when one is in this state, it is difficult to say you are not in love.

On the opposite end of the spectrum, you have friendly love. This type of relationship is strictly platonic. With this type of love, we can say we experience what true friendship is. Psychology Today states that, “Real friends seek together to live truer, fuller lives by relating to each other authentically and teaching each other about the limitations of their beliefs and the defects in their character, which are a far greater source of error than mere rational confusion: they are, in effect, each other’s therapist—and in that much it helps to find a friend with some degree of openness, articulacy, and insight, both to change and to be changed” (“These Are the 7 Types of Love”). So, friendly love is often incurred through the grace of a connection between two people, and by that correspondance, two individuals transform each other’s lives.

Another platonic type of love is the familial variety. Family love among certain cultures is especially strong: Italian, Greek, Irish, and many more societies believe in the foundation of a strong family relationship above all else. According to Healthy Beginnings, “Unconditional love is defined as affection with no limits or conditions; complete love. Familial love and unconditional love seem to go hand in hand. Our mother or father might tell us that no matter how angry they are, they will always love us. Our brother or sister might push us around at home, but when someone else is doing the pushing, they’re always there to defend us” (“Familial Love”). Indeed, familial love is the foundation from which all other loves spring.

A high-minded and spiritual type of love comparable to the purity of familial love is universal love. Psychology Today proposes that, “At a social level, altruism serves as a signal of cooperative intentions, and also of resource availability and so of mating or partnering potential. It also opens up a debt account, encouraging beneficiaries to reciprocate with gifts and favours that may be of much greater value to us than those with which we feel able to part. More generally, altruism, or agape, helps to build and maintain the psychological, social, and, indeed, environmental fabric that shields, sustains, and enriches us” (“These Are the 7 Types of Love”). In other words, universal love makes us a more complete and holistic human being.

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The above text is not complete without the four options, but which of the following could be taken as the last paragraph?（）

The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.

History of the Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is a UNESCO heritage site, and stretches 13,171 miles. It is probably the first thing tourists think about when they visit China. People know it is huge and that it protected a kingdom, but many do not know the history behind it and the details of its construction. If you do not have the chance to visit China and read information about the site, then this essay will supplement some of this missed knowledge. In the following paragraphs, I will breakdown the history of the Great Wall and hopefully you will gain insight into this important country and its ancient times.

By 8th century BC, the Chinese were already building massive walls to fortify borders (Chiculture.net). In the Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan, and Zhongshan built walls to keep out attackers and to show where their borders were. These walls were commonly made out of earth, gravel, and wood (Newsmth.net).

Out of the Warring States period emerged the victorious King Zheng of Qin, who had defeated his aggressors and vied to unify China. He was crowned the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, and his initial order of business was to take down existing border walls in his empire that were meant to divide. After this was completed, he ordered that a new wall to be made along the empire’s northern edge, and to connect some walls so that the empire could be completely marked. However, he did not consider the walls to be a fixed construction: Zheng’s principle was to build and move forward with the empire. In this sense, the Qin Wall was more of a flexible and always changing fixture (Burbank, Jane; Cooper, Frederick).

As you can imagine, the Qin Wall was difficult to construct without modern equipment. They did their best to use local materials from mountains and the earth. Sadly, today, there are only a few sections of the original Wall that still stand today. The exact length is not known due to a lack of records, and up to a million lives were lost as workers did their best to build this landmark (Slavicek, Louise Chipley).

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The above text is not complete without the four options, but which of the following could be taken as the last paragraph?（）

The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.