A third experiment tested the idea that this is because both creativity and dishonesty require, as it were, a flexible attitude to rules. In this experiment volunteers were asked about their attitude to bossy signs, such as "no cycling" and "no diving" notices, after being allowed to cheat (again, in a way transparent to the experimenters) on a coin-tossing test. Cheats, it turned out, were less constrained to obey such signs.
     It is, it goes without saying, a long way from such acts of petty defiance to building a lair inside an extinct volcano and threatening Washington from it—or even to non-fictional acts of serious crime. But some sort of link exists, so this research does indeed suggest that Arthur Conan Doyle and Ian Fleming were on to something.

     It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don' t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
     The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.
     It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
     But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can' t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can' t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

请阅读Passage 2,完成第26～30小题。

     Carbon Dioxide
     This is another reason pregnant women are at a disadvantage. Mosquitoes can detect carbon dioxide using a special organ called a maxillary palp from as far as 164 feet away. Since everyone emits CO2 simply by exhaling, it comes down to relative amounts. Unfortunately for mothers-to-be, pregnancy causes women to emit 21 percent more CO2. This is also why kids are often safe from bites, when bigger, more CO2-emitting adults are around.
     Alcohol Intake
     On the flip side, pregnant women are (presumably) avoiding another mosquito attractor: alcohol. Although it's unclear how mosquitoes go about detecting the presence of ethanol, studies show that drinking even just 12 ounces of beer will significantly increase the attention you receive from the pests.
     The Properties of Your Skin and Sweat
     Up to 85 percent of your susceptibility to mosquito bites has nothing to do with what you're drinking, wearing or how much heat your body emits,—it's just genetic. Specifically, the composition of your skin bacteria—the kind that naturally and healthily exists there—can serve as an attractor.
     Blood Type
     Another factor you can' t control? Your blood type. And it stands to reason that, if the mosquito is there to suck your blood, she cares what kind she's getting. People with blood type O are more prone to mosquito bites than those with type B, with type A folks bringing up the rear.

Passage 1

     We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed—ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming （把……按能力分班） pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not—so—bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

     Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed—ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

     In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively in order to have the ability to become leaders. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

     Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.