Chomsky defines the linguistic （ ）as one's knowledge of all the linguistic regulation systems.

（）linguistics describes linguistic features in term of structures and systems.

The （）  study of a language is concerned with a “state” of a language at a particular point of time.

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The  study of a language is concerned with a “state” of a language at a particular point of time.

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A  study is concerned with the historical development of a language over a period of time.

（ ）is generally regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.

According to Saussure, （ ） refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

Chomsky defines the （ ）as the use of language in concrete situations.

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Langue or competence is  and not directly observed ,while parole or performance is concrete and directly observable .

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Competence is more concrete than performance.

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 is the father of modern linguistics .

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According to Chomsky , is “the speaker-hearer’s knowledge of his language ”.while performance is “the actual use of language in concrete situations”.

According to Saussure，（ ）refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 

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Ferdinand de Saussure points out that all linguistic phenomena contain two parts:  and parple.

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​Chomsky develops his theory and distinguishes two types of competence: competence, and pragmatic competence.

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A relation refers to the sequential characteristic of speech.

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refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

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​A  relation describes the vertical dimension of a language. It is a relation between comparable elements at a particular place in structures.

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​Functionally, the form is more often used than the written form.

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refers to the concrete act of speaking in actual situation by an individual speaker.