The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Since their first appearance on earth, men have gathered in formation and have attempted to pass useful ideas to other men.The carving of word-pictures on the walls of ancient caves as well as hieroglyphics on stone tablets represen some of men's earliest efforts to convey information. Scenes of hunting, maps of battles, and the stories of heroes were put down for all to see.

Men have gathered information and （） ideas to other men.

Summarization
Directions: The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word.

     Healthy families maintain parental authority and flexibility. They listen to their children’s wishes，complaints and feelings and make decisions based on what they believe is best for the child. They don’t give in when society or children object. Instead, the parents state expectations and explain rules clearly and reasonably. Such parents also tend to allow children a voice in rules and consequences as they mature.
P of good parenting.

Summarization
Directions: The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word.

     Many people have dreamed of a world in which all people could speak and understand the same language. They feel that many of the difficulties that exist between the nations of the world could be eliminated if people could communicate with each other in a common tongue - the one newly created solely for the purpose of international communication.
Global need of an a language.

Summarization
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     There is generally a certain proportion between a living creature's length of life and the time it takes to grow to full size. There also exists some relationship between the growing body and the growing brain. The animals with more complicated bodies and brains develop more slowly, and are dependent longer upon their mothers than do creatures with simpler systems.
The c of the growth of animals.

Summarization
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     The relationship between a sales person and a client is important as both parties want to feel satisfied with their deal and neither wants to feel cheated. A sales person should believe that his product has certain advantage over the competition. A customer wants to be sure that he is buying a product that is of good value and high quality.
M benefit of business deals.

Summarization
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     To achieve a favorable outcome from the negotiations, an exporter should draw up a plan of action beforehand, which addresses a few key issues. Experienced negotiators consider that as much as 80% of their overall time devoted to negotiations should go to such preparations.
Preparations are vital to the s of negotiations.

Summarization：the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letter of the word on your answer sheet.

Thirty-six years ago, when the grizzly was first listed as threatened, there were no bears along the Rocky Mountain Front, the plains at the base of the Rockies. If one was spied, it was routinely killed by ranchers. Now there are over a hundred, perhaps many more.
A of bears in their former habitat.

Summarization
Directions: The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word.

     Mark Twain remarked that he could live for two months on one good compliment. How true! Haven’t we all repeated someone’s admiring words over and over in our minds, without losing the inspiration they give? There are people everywhere in need of a good word, that is, an inspiring compliment to fire their hopes and dreams.
The power of e .

Summarization
Directions: The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word.

     When you wear cap and gown at ceremony of conferring degrees or diplomas, you will be following a custom that is many centuries old. The use of caps and gowns in college and universities goes back to medieval times. Nearly all gowns are made of black cloth. Some doctoral gowns use other colors, but the vast majorities are black.
The dresses at g .

Summarization
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     A good solution to the waste and energy problems would be one which solves them both, according to modern scientists. The possible solution would be to generate energy from wastes. Municipalities with large waste-disposal problems are likely to be attracted to incinerators that convert combustion heat to usable energy.
I use of waste for energy production.

Summarization
Directions: The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word.

     There is one kind of pain for which nobody has yet found a cure — the pain that comes from the ending of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage, a love affair or a deep friendship; in fact any strong emotional tie between two people. Such a relationship may come to an abrupt but premeditated end.
The g caused by ending of a relationship.

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Some Hawaiians just want greater autonomy within the state — as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group (one part of Hawaiian natives), which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
The Hawaiian natives are not （） in their demands.

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence. 

The Commission wanted to distinguish baseball as a truly American game that originated in Cooperstown, New York. This was a publicity stunt in order to create a sense of nationalism around the game in order to make the fans believe that this was their game and it belonged to no other country.

（） to create American nationalism.

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Examples of gross understatement may also appeal to some of us. A native of the Lake District who describes himself as being “nobbut middlin" is approaching a state of collapse and coma; if he say he's "proper poorly", there will be a funeral in the near future.
（） is another form of euphemism

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Some people feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Many notice their anxiety but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some try to hide their nervousness; some become aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes.
Different （）to tension when flying.

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.  

In the city of Corinth there once lived a wonderful singer whose name was Arion. No other person could play on the lyre or sing so sweetly as he; and the songs which he composed were famous in many lands.

The brief introduction of a（）

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Bloated by melting snow and rain across the Upper Midwest, the Mississippi River rose out of its banks and strained against dikes. Hundreds of people had left their homes in low-lying riverside areas of Wisconsin and Iowa. A 403-mile stretch of the Mississippi from Muscatine, lowa, to Minneapolis was closed to boat and barge traffic.
Mississippi river （） in Upper Midwest.

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Today, a variety of safety tests is conducted on a wide range of chemicals and products, including drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, pesticides, industrial chemicals, foodstuffs, and packing materials. The most thorough testing is reserved for drugs and products that will be used in or on foodstuffs. 

The （） of safety testing.

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence. 

Lack of Interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Women are slightly better than men in this respect, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment.
The influence of interest on（）

The paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Choose the missing words of the phrase or sentence.

Preview your reading to prepare yourself to read about unfamiliar topic. Reading often presents new ideas, events, and people. It is useful to preview the next to see if you can learn something about new topic before beginning to read. This will help you to understand the reading more fully, and allow you to read without interrupting your reading to look things up.
A reading（）