Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in brackets.
(arrive) All foreign visitors are now able to obtain a Cambodian visa upon _______ at the airport.

WORD FORMATION
Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in brackets.

（promote）Young males in particular tend to be keener on high pay andthan older people.

GAP FILLING
The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box(there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 

less, avoid, more, general, depend, what, unique, recognize, which, in, to, compare, possible

     In a society, such as ours both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
     Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents' capabilities and their aims, and children's development            not only on upbringing and education but also on their innate abilities. Wild differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.
     Parents can ascertain            is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring             the books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or by            notes with friends and relatives who have children.
     Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is            , and there can be no rigid general rules. They use             information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems. For example, they will need specific suggestions for problems such as speech defects or backwardness             learning to walk or control of bodily functions. In the more general sense, though, problems of upbringing are             to be problems of relationships within the individual family.
     All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the              readily the mother gives in to his demands to              disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped.

GAP FILLING 

The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

fall, give, go, know, leave, mean, in, scatter, seem, unsteadily, up, with

     After a while he said to me, "You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you."
     "It doesn't bother me."
     “No, I __________ you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you."
     I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after _________ him the prescribed capsules at eleven o'clock I __________ out for a while.
     It was a bright, cold day, the ground covered with a sleet that had frozen so that it ________ as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice. I took the young Irish setter for a little walk __________ the road and along a frozen creek, but it was difficult to stand or walk on the glassy surface and the red dog slipped and slithered and I _______ twice, hard, once dropping my gun and having it slide away over the ice.
     We flushed a covey of quail under a high clay bank ___________ overhanging brush and I killed two as they went out of sight over the top of the bank. Some of the covey lit in trees, but most of them ___________ into brush piles and it was necessary to jump on the ice-coated mounds of brush several times before they would flush. Coming out while you were poised _______ on the icy, springy brush they made difficult shooting and I killed two, missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey close to the house and happy there were so many _________ to find on another day.

Gap Filling. 
Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). 

master, case, represent, at times, collect, include, visitor, stand, which, natural, sun, of, with

     On the north side of Trafalgar, famous for its Admiral Nelson (“Nelson’s Column”), its fountains and its hordes of pigeons, there stands a long, low building in classic style. This is the National Gallery, which contains Britain’s best-known ______ of pictures. The collection was begun in 1824, with the purchase of thirty-eight pictures that included Horgarth’s satirical “Marriage à la Mode” series, and Titian’s “Venus and Adonis”.
     The National Gallery is rich in paintings by Italian masters such as Raphael, Correggio, and Veronese, and it contains pictures ______ of all European schools of art such as works by Rembrandt, Rubens, Van Dyck, Murillo, E1 Greco, and nineteenth century French masters. Many ______. are especially attracted to Velasquez’s “Rokeby Venus” and Leonardo da Vinci’s “Virgin of the Rocks”.
     On ______ days, students and other young people are often to be seen having a sandwich lunch on the portico of the Gallery overlooking Trafalgar Square. Admission to the Gallery is free, as is the ______ with other British national galleries and museums, which are maintained by money voted by Parliament. Bequests of pictures have been made to the galleries,  ______ on a generous scale, by private individuals.
     Just behind the National Gallery ______ the National Portrait Gallery, in which the visitors can see portraits of British monarchs since the reign of Richards II (1377 — 1399), and 58. ______ historical celebrities such as Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Cromwell. Many of the pictures are by well-known artists.
     The National Gallery of British Art, better known as the Tate Gallery, was given to the nation by a rich sugar merchant, Sir Henry Tate, who had a taste for the fine arts. It overlooks the Thames, not far from the Houses of Parliament. English artists are ______ well represented here, and the Tate also has a range of modern works,  ______ some sculptures, by foreign artists. This, of all the London galleries, is the young people’s gallery. It has been stated that three-quarters of its visitors are under twenty-five.

Gap Filling
The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

what /grow /shame /that /value /means /suit /whether /do /advance / produce / which /take

     Education is not an end, but a _______ to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life. Life is varied; so is education. As soon as we realize the fact. We will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education. 
     In some countries with _______ industries they have free education for all. Under this system, people, no matter _______ they are rich or poor, clever or foolish, have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges. They have for some time thought, by free education for all, they can solve all the problem of a society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough. We find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is ”low” work. In fact, to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and  _______ in such countries. 
     But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely, uneducated farmer is as important as _______ of a professor. We can live without education, but we should die if none of us _______ crops. If no one cleaned our house and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. If there were no service people, because everyone was ashamed to do such work, the professors would have to waste much of their time _______ housework.
     On the other hand, if all the farmers were completely uneducated, their _______ would remain low. As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world, we would die if we did not have enough food. 
     In fact, when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, it means that all must be educated: first, to realize that everyone can do whatever job is _______ to his brain and ability; secondly, to understand that jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of one’s own work or to look down upon someone else's; thirdly to master all the necessary know—how to do one's job well. Only such education can be called _______ to society.

Gap Filling

The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

train/ for/ depend / who / accept / use / vary / develop / resulting in / social / on / refer to / comparing

     It is generally _______ that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. ‘Upbringing’ is normally used to _________ the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term ‘education’. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible __________ the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
     The ideals and practices of child rearing___________ from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically _________ societies, the period of childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, _______ more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
     Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and______ not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wild differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.
     Parents can ascertain what is normal in physical, mental and ____________ development, by referring to some of the many books based ________ scientific knowledge in these areas, or less reliably, since the sample is smaller, by comparing notes with friends and relatives _______ have children.

GAP FILLING 

The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

cultural, break,  so, combination, for,  to, whom, where, share, from, small,  big

     Miller was writing for a middle-class audience. His plays were performed on Broadway, the center of New York's theatrical and ​            life, and in London's West End. Therefore they reached only a ​         proportion of the population. Miller uses this fact (that the plays reached only a relatively small proportion of the population) to advantage in Death of a Salesman, where he examines American middle-class ideas and beliefs. He was able to place before his audience Willy Loman, a man who ​              many of their ideals, ones which have been summed up by the phrase "the American Dream." The American Dream is a ​           of beliefs in the unity of the family, the healthiness of competition in society, the need ​            success and money, and the view that America is the great land in which free opportunity for all exists. Some of these are connected: America seemed at one stage in history to offer alternatives ​            the European way of life; she seemed to be the New World, vast, having plenty of land and riches for all of its people, all of             could share in the wealth of the nation. America was a land of opportunity. This beliefs still apparent, even in twentieth-century America, with its large urban population, and Miller uses it in his plays, in order to state something significant about American society. In such a land,  ​            all people have a great deal of opportunity, success should come fairly easily,              an unsuccessful man could feel bitter about his failure, excluded as he was ​          the success around him. To become successful in the American Dream means to believe in competition, to reach the top as quickly as possible by proving oneself better than others.

Gap Filling: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

discover / join / participate / which / cross / communicate / where /shrug / more than/ challenge/  train / strike/ means  

     When we think of communication, we normally think of using words—talking face to face, writing messages and so on. But in fact, we_____________ far more in other ways. Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not.
     Then there are gestures, often unconscious: raising the eyebrows, rubbing the nose, _____________ the shoulders, tapping the fingers, nodding and shaking the head. There is also the even more subtle “body language” of posture. Are you sitting—or standing—with arms or legs _____________? Is that person standing with hands in pockets, held in front of the body or hidden behind? Even the way we dress and colours we wear communicate things to others.
     So, do animals communicate? Not in words, although a parrot might be _____________ to repeat words and phrases which it doesn’t understand. But, as we have learnt, there is more to communication than words.
     Take dogs for example. They bare their teeth to warn, wag their tails to welcome and stand firm, with hair erect to challenge. These signal are surely canine equivalent of the human body language of facial expression, gesture and posture.
     Colour can be an important _____________ of communication for animals. Many birds and fish change colours, for example, to attract partners during the mating season. And mating itself is commonly preceded by a special dance in which both partners _____________.
     Here again, there are _____________ similarities to youngsters who dress up to meet partners at discotheques, _____________ the music is often too loud for verbal communication. Communication there takes place through appearance and movements.
     The most elaborate dances in the animal kingdom are those which bees use to communicate. With body movements alone they can tell other bees the direction and distance of a newly _____________ food source.
     All these examples may suggest instinctive rather than intelligent communication. But human body language is largely instinctive, too. And, in many ways, body language says far _____________ intelligent, verbal communication ever can.

Gap Filling
The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

print / more / even / save / infect  / teach / have to / news / patient / share / call / know / by / learn

     Louis was from a small town ______ Coupvray, near Paris—he was born on January 4 in 1809. Louis became blind ______ accident, when he was 3 years old. Deep in his Dad’s harness workshop, Louis tried to be like his Dad, but it went very wrong; he grabbed an awl, a sharp tool for making holes, and the tool slid and hurt his eye. The wound got infected, and the ____ spread, and soon, Louis was blind in both eyes.
     All of a sudden, Louis needed a new way to learn. He stayed at his old school for two _____ years, but he couldn’t learn everything just by listening. Things were looking up when Louis got a scholarship to the Royal Institution for Blind Youth in Paris, when he was 10. But even there, most of the teachers just talked at the students. The library had 14 huge books with raised letters that were very hard to read. Louis was  ______.
     Then in 1821, a former soldier named Charles Barbier visited the school. Barbier  ______ his invention called “night writing,” a code of 12 raised dots that let soldiers share top-secret information on the battlefield without  ______ having to speak. Unfortunately, the code was too hard for the soldiers, but not for 12-year-old Louis!
     Louis trimmed Barbier’s 12 dots into 6, ironed out the system by the time he was 15, then published the first-ever braille book in 1829. But did he stop there? No way! In 1837, he added symbols for math and music. But since the public was skeptical, blind students had to study braille on their own. Even at the Royal Institution, where Louis taught after he graduated, braille wasn’t ______ until after his death. Braille began to spread worldwide in 1868, when a group of British men, now ______ as the Royal National Institute for the Blind, took up the cause.
     Now practically every country in the world uses braille. Braille books have double-sided pages, which  ______ a lot of space. Braille signs help blind people get around in public spaces. And, most important, blind people can communicate independently, without needing print.

(From Louis Braille) 

Gap Filling
The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

make，similar to，avoid，bring，tell，unless，until，which，contrary to， from，aware of, prone

     To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are ______, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but  ______ silly errors.
     If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have  ______ the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been ______ that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself ______ I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.
     Many matters, however, are less easily ______ to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself ______ your own bias. If an opinion ______ your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger,  ______ you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to ______ there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in the theology there is only opinion.

Gap Filling: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

imitate /act/ arrive/ associate / attract /mean / liquid / key /easy /of /show /which / ability

     "The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Sullivan Macy came to me. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old." so wrote Helen Keller.
     The morning after the ______ of her teacher, Helen was led into a room and given a doll. After she had played with it for a while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelt the word d-o-l-l onto her hand. At once Helen was interested in this finger play and tried to ______her teacher. When she finally succeeded in forming the letters correctly, she was pleased and proud. Excitedly she found her way to her mother, held up her hand and wrote the letters "doll". And in the days that followed, she learned to spell a great many words in this way.
     Helen soon learned, however, that things and _____have names. One day, while she was playing with her new doll, Miss Sullivan placed the doll on her lap, made her touch again and wrote the letters d-o-l-l on the palm of her hand. This was repeated several times until Helen ______ the word with the object.
     "Once as we were walking down the path to the well I was _____by some peculiar smell. I asked, “What is that strange smell in the air?” Miss Sullivan led me to the well. She took my hand and placed it under the spout from which water flew out." As the cool stream washed Helen's hand, Miss Sullivan spelt the "water" on her other hand. Suddenly everything came back. She knew then that w-a-t-e-r meant the cool ______ with which she was playing now with both her hands. That living word gave her joy, light and hope. On reaching the house, every familiar object she touched seemed to have a new ______ for her. She was eager to know more. As her education progressed, though not without difficulty for both the teacher and the pupil, Helen was living a new life full of excitement. She now had the _____to a language and was keen to use it.
     We who have eyes to see and ears to hear can learn ______. But Helen could not, as she was both blind and deaf. She made full use of all the other ______ she had, to such an advantage that she became the world's famous teacher of the blind and the deaf. 

Gap Filling
The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

with / have / many / other / in /begin /permission / which / on / admission / include / since

     On the north side of Trafalgar, famous for its Admiral Nelson, its fountains and its hordes of pigeons, there stands a long, low building in classic style. This is the National Gallery, ______ contains Britain’s best-known collection of pictures. The collection was ______ in 1824, with the purchase of thirty-eight pictures that ______ Horgarth’s satirical  "Marriage A-la-mode‘’ series and Titian’s “Venus and Adonis”.

     The National Gallery is rich ______ paintings by Italian masters such as Raphael and Veronese, and it contains pictures representative of all European schools of art. Many visitors are especially attracted to Leonardo da Vinci’s “Virgin of the Rocks”.
     On sunny days, students and ______ young people are often to be seen  ______ a sandwich lunch on the portico (门廊) of the Gallery overlooking Trafalgar Square. ______ to the Gallery is free, as is the case ______ other British national galleries and museums, which are maintained by money voted by Parliament. Bequests of pictures have been made to the galleries, at times  ______ a generous scale, by private individuals.
     Just behind the National Gallery stands the National Portrait Gallery, in which the visitors can see portraits of British monarchs  ______ the reign of Richards II (1377-1399), and of historical celebrities such as Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Cromwell. Many of the pictures are by well-known artists.

GAP FILLING

The following is taken from the textbook Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct forms of the words in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 

teach、  tower、   interest、   trust 、be、   fasten、 approve 、 pity、   immortal 、high 、enjoy、  uncontrollable

     When Prometheus lit the first campfire on earth the people were afraid of it. But they          him, and so they came closer and closer and         the pleasant warmth and beautiful glow.
     Prometheus knew that he would not have much time before Zeus discovered that he had been disobedient. But he also knew that, powerful as Zeus ​        , once a god had given a gift it could not be taken away. So he quickly taught the mortals how to use the gift of fire.
     Now Zeus was a jealous god. He grudged men all the gifts that Prometheus had given them and he was angry with Prometheus for ​        men so many things. And so when he found that Prometheus had given to men this final gift of fire, he burst out into​           rage. He ordered his two invincible servants, Power and Violence, to seize Prometheus and to carry him to the​        peak of the dreadful Caucasus. There among the crawling glaciers, beneath the lashing hail and winds of storm, or, in the summer time, shelterless against the scorching heat of the sun, Prometheus was to be bound fast with unbreakable chains. The task of making these massive chains and of​        them upon the victims body was given to Hephaestus, and, though Hephaestus shrank from the dreadful deed of so torturing a brother god, he feared the power of Zeus and did not dare to disobey. Indeed he hated the skill of his hand, but he was forced to use it, and so he flung the hard chains around the​        body of Prometheus and, with great blows of this hammer, nailed and fastened him to the ​        rocks. He groaned as he did this work, for he​        the good Titan; but the servants of Zeus, Power and Violence, merely mocked him for his weak spirit and hurled their insults at Prometheus himself.

Gap Filling
The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

park, injury, from, harmful, uniform, have, give up, be, deserve, well, more, where, know
     American football has a reputation for being a brutal and dangerous game. This reputation is not really          . The players hurl themselves at each other fiercely, but today their​        and helmets(fitted with visors to protect their faces)are so skillfully padded that there are few serious ​          . By comparison, the rugby player is almost naked,  ​        only a thin jersey and a pair of shorts to protect him ​         his opponents' boots and tackling.
     The football coach is a very important member of the college staff——         important than the professors, some say! The coach picks promising football players from the high schools, and recommends that they ​          given scholarships. This is the only way some boys from poor families with no intellectual background can get to college. Quite a few of these students go on to become professional football players. The names of professional football clubs are as well ​         to Americans as professional soccer clubs are to Europeans and South Americans.
     Soccer games can now draw crowds of over 70 thousand in cities ​        baseball attracts a mere 20 thousand spectators. The soccer stadiums are much more luxurious than the vast majority of European and South American League grounds. There is a seat for everyone and a          lot for 25 thousand cars. Soccer is being brilliantly promoted, like any other promising American product. 

(From Two Kinds of Football)

GAP FILLING 

The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

accuse, appoint, arrest, behave, blind, majority, constant, grateful, catch, misery, police, politics
     American TV and movies once gave a tough and brutal picture of the American police, though now there are TV series which have cops as heroes and defenders of society. The police are ​           for the good publicity and their new image, especially in cities where there are black ghettos. White policemen are now careful of how they speak and ​           towards their fellow black citizens.
     The cop, or ordinary policeman, is a city or a State employee. He cannot ​           anyone outside his city or his State...
     Since the ​              of criminals are armed, American cops have to use their guns more often than most policemen in other places and the car chases through the crowded streets of Manhattan, which are a favorite feature of gangster movies, are not so exaggerated. American cops get shot down, run over, stabbed, beaten up, and their wives are in ​             fear that one day their men will not come home.
     Many policemen do a lot to help children whose parents are criminals. They understand better than most citizens the awful ​             of the ghettos. They feel sorry for the drug addicts, but often treat roughly the"pushers"" who sell the drugs——when they can catch them. They have been ​                of making no serious attempt to break up the various drug rings. They claim that such a task would be never-ending.
     In big cities, the Police Commissioner(Head of the Force)is often ​               by Mayor and therefore senior police officers tend to be too closely linked to ​                   . Their ambitions sometimes tempt them to turn a ​                eye or to accept bribes, which lowers the morale of the ordinary cop. The structure of the many different American police forces is said to be the most varied in the whole world.

Gap Filling
The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

moon     month     be     reason     decide     example
each     trade    develop  god        call           planet 

     There was a time in the early history of man when the days had no names! The ______ was quite simple: Man had not invented the week. 

     In those days, the only division of times was the ______ and there were too many days in the month for each of them to have a separate name. But when men began to build cities, they wanted to have a special day on which to ______, a market day. Sometimes these market days were fixed at every tenth day, some every seventh or every fifth day. The Babylonians ______ that it should be every seventh day. On this day they didn't work, but met for trade or religious festivals. 

     The Jews followed their ______ but kept every seventh day for religious purposes. On this day the week came into existence. It was space between market days. The Jews gave ______ of the seven days a name, but it was really a number after the Sabbath day (which was Saturday). For example, Wednesday was ______ the fourth day (four days after Saturday). 

     When the Egyptians adopted the seven-day week, they named the days after five ______, the sun and the moon. The Romans used the Egyptian names for their days of the week: the day of the sun, of the moon, of the planet Mars, of Mercury, of Jupiter, of Venus, and of Saturn.

     We get our names for the days not from the Romans but from the Anglo-Saxons, who called most of the days after their own ______ which were roughly the same as the gods of the Romans. The day of the sun became Sannandaeg, or Sunday. The day of the ______ was called Monandaeg, or Monday. The day of Mars became the day of the Tiw, who was their god of war. This became Tiwesdaeg, or Tuesday. Instead of Mercury's name, that of the god Woden was given to Wednesday. The Roman day of Jupiter, the thunder, became the day of the thunder god Thor, and this became Thursday. The next day was named for Frigg, the wife of their god Odin, and so we have Friday. The day of Saturn became Saeterndaeg, a translation from the Roman, and then Saturday. 

GAP FILLING

The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

create/ attribute/ different/ recognize/ how/ as/ develop/ into/ expression/ whom/ understand/ of/ tribal/ write/

     Five thousand years ago a story which told of the creation of this world in seven days was common among all the people of western Asia. And this was the Jewish version of it.
     They vaguely ______ the making of the land and of the sea and of the trees and the flowers and the birds and of man and woman to their ______ gods.
     But it happened that the Jews were the first among all people to ______ the existence of One Single God. Afterwards, when we come to talk of the days of Moses, we shall tell you ______ this came about.
     In the beginning, however, the particular Semitic tribe which later was to ______ the Jewish nation, worshipped several divinities, just as all their neighbors had done before them for countless ages.
     The stories of the creation, however, which we find in the Old Testament, were ______ more than a thousand years after the death of Moses, when the idea of One God had been accepted by the Jews ______ an absolutely established fact, and when doubt of His Existence meant exile or death.
     You will now ______ how the poet who gave unto the Hebrew people their final version of the beginning of all things, came to describe the gigantic labor of creation as the sudden ______ of one single and all-mighty will, and as the work of their own tribal God, ______ they called Jehovah, or the Ruler of the High Heavens.
     And this is how the story was told to worshippers in the temple.

GAP FILLING
The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 

play / rather than / for example / in fact / those / legally / consist of / recognize / conflict / increase / decrease / factor / these

           It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to ______ they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of _______. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all _______apart.
           In ancient civilizations, the Sumerian, for example, which flourished in the lower Euphrates valley from 5 000 to 2 000 B.C., social differences were based on birth, status or rank, _____ on wealth. Four main classes were ______. These were the rulers, the priestly administrators, the freemen (such as craftsmen, merchants or farmers) and the slaves.
          In Greece, after the sixth century B.C., there was a growing _____ between the peasants and the landed aristocrats, and a gradual ____in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, ______, was divided into three main classes which were politically and ______distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group ______resident foreigners, the “metics”, who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of “citizens”, who were themselves divided into sub-classes.
(From Social Classes)

Gap Filling: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).

than / wish / suspect / know / for / fear / headquarters / in / close / against/ many / foreign / even

     In big cities, the Police Commissioner (Head of the Force) is often appointed by Mayor and therefore senior police officers tend to be too ______ linked to politics. Their ambitions sometimes tempt them to turn a blind eye or to accept bribes, which lowers the morale of the ordinary cop. The structure of the many different American police forces is said to be the most varied in the whole world.
     The city police often come into conflict with the FBI —the Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI men, do not wear uniforms, have the right to cross State borders if they are pursuing a ______. They are responsible to the US Department of Justice, and have their ______ in Washington, D. C. The head of the FBI is chief domestic intelligence adviser to the President. The FBI men are more concerned with spies and agents hostile to the USA, radicals and Mafia（黑手党）bosses ______ they are with ordinary criminals, but they do keep a record of all crimes, which city and State police can consult if they ______. The FBI laboratory services, among the best in the world, are also available to local law enforcement agencies.
     The activities of the CIA—the Central Intelligence Agency— are now well  ______ in every country in the world. The job of the CIA is to keep the Government informed of the activities of ______ agents and the secret preparations of hostile powers. CIA agents also work in countries where it is felt that aid, or the promise of aid, will maintain sympathy ______ the USA. Sometimes the CIA’s actions do just the reverse, and in many parts of the world including countries friendly to the USA, they are disliked and even ______.However, the CIA is just one of the many secret services all countries use to protect themselves ______ possible enemies.
(From The Police and the Intelligence Agents)