I finished the semester with low grades and I'd had a lousy time. It was a wasted time semester. I did learn a few things, though. First, when you plan on rooming with a noncollege person, you are taking the risk that he or she will not be around for an entire semester. Next, if you want to be bored to death, live at home. I've now decided that the best place for me is the dormitories, and that's where I'm living next semester. That way I'll have the library to study in, and plenty of people around for social life. Besides, nothing would be worse than living in three different places in one semester.

Sentence Outline:

I. Many apartment moves made me first semester a bad experience
II. The first failure I experienced in my first apartment rent experience. 
III. The second failure I experienced in my second apartment rent experience. 
IV.（）
V.  The lessons I got from the apartment rent experience.

The above outline is not complete, but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

Where Friends Are Found

Bryce still remembered the smell that permeated in the air that evening: a combination of gingery sweetness of wild flowers, hazelnut pie crust, and ripe raspberries. The smell of a hot summer evening, when the sun had already hidden its rays for the night, but the earth was breathing out the steam of the day fever. That July, two years ago, was particularly hot, humid, and promising to be boring. Having finished his second year in college and planning to spend the summer working in the local amusement park, Bryce was not anticipating any glory. Moreover, most of his college friends had moved out of campus for the summer and traveled back to their homes while he was stuck in Grindson for the whole summer, since this was where he grew up and spent every summer. The goal for the season was to simply stay in town and try to survive the heat of the Central Texas prairie.

That Tuesday, July seventh, was a regular day like many others. Bryce had worked through his morning shift in the park without a single pause and was already free by five. Having nothing much to do, he decided to take his old green-and-blue Cannondale bike and ride to the little forest just outside Grindson. But first he drove home in his old maroon Ford truck that was getting rustier than maroon every year. The truck was a present from his grandmother and Bryce had loved this piece of steel and rubber dearly ever since he got it for his seventeenth birthday. Selling this truck and buying a vehicle more suited for actual driving never seemed like an option; not because he did not have an answer to the question of who would have to pay real money for this wreck, but because Bryce could not imagine himself spinning the wheel of any other car.

At home, Bryce took a cold shower, prepared a couple of turkey sandwiches, and cut a few fresh tomatoes from the little backyard garden his mom was so tenderly keeping. He put a couple of water bottles from the fridge into the blue, portable trunk he had bought and welded onto his bike recently. With that done, he put on his headphones and hopped onto his bike. It was a bit past 6pm as Bryce rode through the field of scorched grass and wild daisies, taking a turn left and then continuing along a muddy pond into the woods. The pond was much smaller than two weeks ago when he was last there. As Bryce was riding by the pond, he thought that in a few weeks from now, there probably will not be much else but a swampy puddle left of it if the days continued being hot and the rains kept ignoring this part of the state as if they were mad at the citizens of Lampasas County.

When Bryce reached his destination point—a cozy, round plot of grass with soft, natty bells of pink and blue bluebonnets, half-covered with the shadows of the wild Texas Mulberry trees—he was blanketed in sweat and started thinking that going for a ride this time of day was too rash of a decision. Bryce took off his faded green John Deere cap that was wet with perspiration, whisking off the sweat drops from his temples and tousled his short brown hair. His head was spinning—water gave little relief from the thirst and the least he wanted at the moment was that warm flapjack of a sandwich that seemed so delicious a half an hour ago. As Bryce sat on the ground and sipped on a second bottle of water, his plans for a picnic slowly changed into plans for a late afternoon nap. He suddenly felt worn out, as if the heat had completely drained him during this brief bike ride.

Bryce lay straight on his back in the shadow of the oldest and bushiest mulberry tree around. This tree had been here for as long as Bryce could remember. When he was a small child, he used to come here with his older brother and once scratched their names on the bark of its trunk.

Bryce woke up to the sound of someone’s breath right next to his ear. It took him no more than a second to remember where he was and to look over at the young, tall girl who was sitting cross-legged in front of his face, smiling and eating a mulberry. Bryce sat up on the grass, cleared his throat and mumbled “Hi.” His voice sounded kinked and shaky, like the voice of an irresolute teen boy at the sight of a cute girl. Well, he felt exactly that way. But the girl seemed to have ignored how embarrassed Bryce felt. She serenely stretched out her right arm and offered Bryce a handful of mulberries. The girl was wearing a pair of bright orange trainers, Bermuda shorts and a simple, white tank top. She wore a ponytail to the side and a couple of tiny freckles on each of her cheeks. She was about Bryce’s age, maybe a year younger.

Natasha came across the grass plot some fifteen minutes ago with the idea of wandering. When she noticed the presence of a ruffled young man sleeping under the shade of a tree, she felt inclined to watch him, as if she was studying human nature. His lashes flashed intermittently, and were blazed in light at the right moment when they were tipped with the sun. She thought that that she rarely had the chance to witness someone sleep, to really look at a person without hindrance. After about 20 minutes of examining him, she wanted to wake up her subject. But almost anyone seems like an angel when they are sleeping—she could not persuade herself to prod him to awareness.

Sentence Outline:

Ⅰ.Bryce recollected his memory in that summer.

Ⅱ.What happened to Bryce on July seventh.

Ⅲ.Bryce was on his way to his destination.

Ⅳ.What happened when Bryce reached his destination.

Ⅴ.Bryce lay straight on his back in the shadow of the oldest and bushiest mulberry tree around. 

Ⅵ.Bryce met a young, tall girl after he woke up.

Ⅶ.（）

The above outline is not complete, but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

Being frugal also offers me more chances to display my resourcefulness. Instead of dashing to the store to replace something broken,I've developed a reflex of first fixing it myself,finding a low-cost alternative or trying to make do without. I look for ways to reuse things before throwing them away. Re-purposing or recycling the stuff has become a great way to save money as well as to live a greener life. Whenever a piece of clothing becomes too worn to wear,I cut it up into rags for room cleaning instead of throwing it away. As a plus, my DIY play have also improved a great deal. 

One other reward is that frugality has helped me to appreciate what I have, which has nothing ;with less, I begin to respect what I already have. I take attitude extends to appreciating the beauty of life itself. I often experience this enhanced level of thankfulness for the wonders of nature and the items I value, thanks to my frugal mindset(思维方式）. It sounds cliche , yet the more grateful I feel, the less I want.
To sum up, I take great pride in my present frugal living. Cutting back unnecessary purchases and throwing away the non-value stuff makes room for what's really important. I have learned to handle budget-related problems more resourcefully, repairing and reusing old items for a more sustainable, greener way of living. Spending less but appreciating what I have encourages me to live a richer life. In many cases, one doesn't need to spend money to be happy. 

Sentence Outline:

I. ​Being frugal turned me into a more goal-oriented, resourceful and appreciative person.
II. Frugality leads me to focus on my priorities.
III. Being frugal also offers me more chances to display my resourcefulness.
IV. Frugality has helped me to appreciate what I have.
V. （）

The above outline is not complete,but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

The Most Memorable Experience in My Life

Since I am a high school student, somebody might say I have my entire life ahead of me, with all of its beautiful experiences. But despite being so young, I already have a personal breathtaking experience, which I am sure I will carry with me until my last days: my first hike to the mountains.

Though traveling is not a big deal for me today, before my trip to the mountains, I used to be a homebody. I had friends to hang out with, several hobbies, and I felt completely comfortable spending weeks or even months in my hometown—or sometimes even on my block—without going anywhere. All my demands of novelty were satisfied by the Discovery and National Geographic channels, and I seriously thought there was no difference between seeing something on the TV or with one’s own eyes.

The situation changed when one day David, my best pal who always has a couple of colorful bugs in his head (or, in other words, was always carrying out several crazy plans at once) tumbled into my room and proclaimed his disgust for civilization. I will not describe how he managed to persuade me to join him on his journey to the Rocky Mountains; all I will say is we departed in five days.

This was my first time in the mountains, so I was turning my head in all directions. Unfortunately, the weather was foggy most the time, and the higher we got into the mountains, the worse the visibility was. Even despite this fact, I still enjoyed the hike—I felt like I was Bear Grylls, whose show I used to watch with excitement: in the wild, with food and water in my backpack, carrying a flashlight and a knife. On the first day, we were making our way along the foothills; but the next day, we started to climb on one of the peaks. Though it was not that steep and high, I was still excited. I regularly hastened, and because of that, I ran out of energy long before we got to the top; David, on the other hand was more well-paced.

When we finally got to the top, nothing had changed. The same fog was covering the surroundings, and even though I was teeming with positive emotions, I felt disappointed, because I counted on seeing the view from above and perhaps being able to take some photos. We spent a couple of hours on the top, and decided to turn back, when the wind suddenly dispersed the clouds, and the plateau we were standing on became illuminated with the sun. I saw a fantastic panorama in front of me, and for some moments, I couldn’t believe my eyes. Seeing all those mountain ridges, cliffs, and edges on my own, not on TV, was like a revelation for me. The strong wind blew right into my face, and I stood there and watched shreds of fog gliding over the ground far beneath me. At that moment, I realized that I won’t be able to live a life without visiting the mountains at least a few times a year.

The next day we returned—my legs started to hurt so bad that I could hardly walk. But every time as my face wrinkled because of an ache, I remembered the feeling of being high above, with my head touching the skies and the clouds swimming below.

Sentence Outline:

Ⅰ.I mentioned my first hike to the mountains.

Ⅱ.All my demands of novelty were satisfied by the Discovery and National Geographic channels.

Ⅲ.（）

Ⅳ.This was my first time in the mountains, so I was turning my head in all directions.

Ⅴ.I saw a fantastic panorama on top of the mountain. 

Ⅵ.We returned the next day.

The above outline is not complete, but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

Sentence Outline:

Ⅰ Introduction: Leonardo da vinci is interested in engineering and technology in addition to art 

A. Leonardo is often thought of primarily as an artist, and with masterpieces such as The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

B. His notebooks are full of drawings and designs of inventions.
C. Thesis: Leonardo da Vinci is not only an artist but also a scientist
Ⅱ（） 
A. His works reveals features of technology in works of art
B. His works reveals his interest in invention of military equipment
Ⅲ He spent his life in Milan and Florence. 
A. He continues to combine scientific and technological work with painting.
B. He Works as an engineer and architect with interest in flying machines. 
Ⅳ He spent his last years in Milan, Italy and in Amboise, France. 
A. He focuses on the study of living creatures. 
B. He spent most time sorting out scientific papers
Ⅴ Conclusion: He achieved greatness in many fields. 
A. Limited works survived. 
B. He achieved near perfection in more fields than anyone else.

The above outline is not complete, but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

The Nightmare Creator Essay

It was a blazing summer’s day. My surroundings were slowly starting to melt: the trees, the houses, the sky, and the pathway to my garage. It seemed that I was about to dissipate as well, becoming a puddle of glue-like substance left on the ground.

 I was walking at crawling speed. My head felt huge and heavy, and each muscle in my body felt sore. My arms and legs were responding to the signals that my brain was sending to them at a slower speed than I thought was possible. It felt like a slow-motion horror movie, only it was happening live. I finally reached the front door and touched the handle with a loose grip. The path that took only a second for my eyes to see took about twenty minutes for my body to cover. But, I was finally at my goal. 

I slowly squeezed the handle of the door in a downwards motion, only to realize it had barely moved. I gathered the last reserves of my strength that I had left in my body and pressed the handle again. No success. I pivoted around, leaned against the door, and slowly slid down to the ground. I felt faint. I was so thirsty that I could barely think about anything else. I had to get inside; had to pull myself together and open the door. Otherwise, I would faint there, near the front entrance to my own house.

I pushed myself up from the ground and faced the door again. I closed my eyes for a second, took a deep breath, opened my eyes, and pulled the door knob down as hard as I could. It gave way grudgingly. If it wasn’t for the helpless shadow of a man that I was at that moment, I would definitely have screamed in happiness for finally winning over this stubborn door knob. But I could only settle on a weak smile and a deep sigh.

I went inside and had to wait for a minute before I could make out my environment. It was too dark, still boiling hot and, somehow, lonely inside. By the time my eyes adapted to the darkness inside, I could tell that no one was around. What time was it? And where was everyone? The house was completely and scarily quiet. The silence was unnatural. There was no sound coming from the working fridge, or ticking clock; nothing. I went to the kitchen to get some water, opened the tap and put an empty glass under it. But no water poured, not even a drop. The glass remained empty. This seemed like a complete nightmare. I thought that I must have been dreaming—my small world had become ravished by emptiness, and somehow, I was forgotten here all alone, left to pass away into the realms of thirst and heat.

I was having a panic attack. Yet with the panic, I was enabled by strength to run from one room to another, looking for anyone besides myself. Mom, Josh, dad, Charlie—no one was to be seen. The dogs were gone too. Again, for the third or fourth time, I caught myself thinking this was just a bad dream. But my body still vividly felt the pains of soreness. Having no clue of what else, except the pain, that could help me distinguish between dreaming and reality, I had to accept the fact that I was living in this nightmare for real.

Suddenly, I heard a sound from downstairs. It was a faint sound that repeated in a second, only louder. I jolted downstairs, feeling cautious and, at the same time, hoping that it was someone, or something, that could explain to me what was going on.

The living room was empty. The source of the sound seemed to be from the back porch outside, and it was increasing in volume with every new cycle. It reminded me of when dad and I went rowing, and every time dad turned over the oars, they made the same whistling sound, cleaving the air. I ran outside the back door and was almost brought down to the ground by the force of the wind. It was a helicopter, right above me, maneuvering so that it would land on me. I laid on the ground, screaming, but I couldn’t hear my voice through the noise of the implacable blades getting closer, and freezing me to the ground….

… “Jason, honey, wake up! It’s just a dream, babe. You look so pale. Are you okay?”

My mom was standing next to my bed like a guardian statue. She tried to appease me as I was still screaming and flapping my arms. When I calmed down to a relative level of normalcy, I stared at the fan above my head, spinning and whistling like a nightmare creator.

Sentence Outline:

Ⅰ.It was a blazing summer’s day. 

Ⅱ.How I felt before I was finally on my goal.

Ⅲ.I felt uncomfortable and tried to get inside the room.

Ⅳ.I finally get inside after I tried hard.

Ⅴ.（）

Ⅵ. I had a hard time in the room with no one else to be seen.

Ⅶ. I heard a sound from downstairs suddenly.

Ⅷ. I groped in the dark and tried to find the source the sound.

Ⅸ. I was woke up by my mom.

Ⅹ. It turned out to be a nightmare when I woke up from my nightmare.

The above outline is not complete, but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

Read the following passage carefully and compose a"Topic Outline" for it.

     Three years ago, I heard on the radio the tale of a British couple who lived trash-free. Walking home from my laboratory, I told my roommate that I could also do that and I'd start soon."No, "he said. "If you care about this, you start today. "Just like that, I began an experiment of a trash-free life in the face of large environmental problems.
     The average American produces about four pounds of trash per day, about 1, 500 pounds per year. In my first year of living trash-free, I produced less than eight pounds of waste. In year two, I made it down six pounds--about 0.4 percent of the American average. That was an accomplishment of my experiment.
     To get there, I need to change the way I lived. I collected my waste, such as concert tickets, packaging and glass, and didn't throw it away. I knew my experiment wouldn't make much difference, but I felt I should do it. Since unnecessary consumption existed everywhere, I had to get creative. When a restaurant furnished a napkin-wrapped fork and knife, I asked the waiter to give me a set without the napkin. I carried a fork, a spoon, a plate and a bowl wherever I went, just in case the food was served only with plastic to eat with. Sometimes it was awkward.
     The hardest part was figuring out the best way to talk about what I was doing. It is important to speak to people in a language they understand from their background. Also, big issues such as trash and recycling are tied to other big issues such as economic growth and climate change. So, as I wrote about the experiment on reducing trash, I had to discuss economy, peace, poverty, and so on. It was much harder to explain all that than simply announcing myself as a vegetarian, for instance.
     Sometimes I failed, as some people didn't see the need of my experiment. More often, though, people gave me their support. The experiment inspired others to do similar experiments on their own. A couple of friends in Ann Arbor are doing it for a year. Their efforts have paid off. Ann Arbor has become one of the most environmentally conscious cities in America. When I visit that city now, I can get nearly all of my food unpackaged. There are several great secondhand stores I can go to, if really need something. I can get shoes and tools that don't come in paper or plastic boxes.
     Humans have caused terrible problems: The polar ice caps are melting, and the oceans are full of trash. My project did not reshape those trends. But my views on consumption and social change had an impact. My experiment of trash-free life allowed me to answer the question of how we stand up in the face of large environmental problems. I am convinced each individual can help to create examples and communities of change.

Write an outline: Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it. 

Leonardo da Vinci

          ​Leonardo da Vinci’s works of art made him world-famous. But there was far more to this great man of ideas than just the Mona Lisa’s pretty face. Leonardo is often thought of primarily as an artist, and with masterpieces such as The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa to his credit, his place in art history is assumed. Yet his notebooks show that his main interests lay elsewhere—in engineering and technology. The notebooks are full of drawings and designs for all kinds of inventions—from calculating machines to tanks, from parachutes to helicopters. If his pioneering work on anatomy is also taken into consideration, we can easily see why Leonardo is considered one of the greatest geniuses of all time. He is not only an outstanding artist, but also a great scientist.

          Born in 1452, Leonardo was given only a rudimentary education in his early age. After ten years in the workshop of the artist Verrocchio, he set up as a freelance artist. Some of his works have survived, and reveal a stunning combination of technical skills with very careful observation. His works also reveal an emerging fascination with technology, with technical drawings of equipment of all kinds.

          Leonardo was particularly fascinated by the technology of warfare. At this time, Florence was at war with the Pope, and Leonardo realized that this was an opportunity to make use of his new inventions for better guns and other military equipment. However, the war ended before anything could come of his plan and he returned to his painting.

          At the age of thirty, he left his home town and eventually moved to Milan, where he spent seventeen years under the patronage of Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. Here he continued to combine his scientific and technological work with his painting, which was of perspective and proportion. During this period, he painted The Last Supper and developed his ideas for chemical weapons and flame-throwers.

          When Sforza was driven from power by the French, Leonardo returned to Florence and spent four years working for Cesare Borgia as an engineer and military architect. He now became fascinated with flight. He studied birds for clues about how to fly and drew sketches of machines resembling helicopters.

          In 1506, he returned to Milan and became increasingly focused on science. He began to study human anatomy and the circulation of blood. He also drew up a comprehensive guide to the working of living creatures.

          He died at Amboise in France, where he was welcomed by King Francois I. He continued to do the occasional sketch, a few designs and plans for buildings, but most of his time was devoted to sorting out his scientific papers.

          Only twenty-one of his dozens of notebooks survive. Just seventeen paintings have been ascribed to him with certainty, and some of those are unfinished. Leonardo may not have achieved the perfection that he aspired to but he came closer to it in more fields than anyone before or since.

Being frugal also offers me more chances to display my resourcefulness. Instead of dashing to the store to replace something broken,I've developed a reflex of first fixing it myself,finding a low-cost alternative or trying to make do without. I look for ways to reuse things before throwing them away. Re-purposing or recycling the stuff has become a great way to save money as well as to live a greener life. Whenever a piece of clothing becomes too worn to wear,I cut it up into rags for room cleaning instead of throwing it away. As a plus, my DIY play have also improved a great deal. 

One other reward is that frugality has helped me to appreciate what I have, which has nothing ;with less, I begin to respect what I already have. I take attitude extends to appreciating the beauty of life itself. I often experience this enhanced level of thankfulness for the wonders of nature and the items I value, thanks to my frugal mindset(思维方式）. It sounds cliche , yet the more grateful I feel, the less I want.
To sum up, I take great pride in my present frugal living. Cutting back unnecessary purchases and throwing away the non-value stuff makes room for what's really important. I have learned to handle budget-related problems more resourcefully, repairing and reusing old items for a more sustainable, greener way of living. Spending less but appreciating what I have encourages me to live a richer life. In many cases, one doesn't need to spend money to be happy. 

Sentence Outline:

I. ​Being frugal turned me into a more goal-oriented, resourceful and appreciative person.
II. Frugality leads me to focus on my priorities.
III. Being frugal also offers me more chances to display my resourcefulness.
IV. Frugality has helped me to appreciate what I have.
V. （）

The above outline is not complete,but which of the following could fit the missing part?（）

Write an outline: Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it. 

Leonardo da Vinci

          ​Leonardo da Vinci’s works of art made him world-famous. But there was far more to this great man of ideas than just the Mona Lisa’s pretty face. Leonardo is often thought of primarily as an artist, and with masterpieces such as The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa to his credit, his place in art history is assumed. Yet his notebooks show that his main interests lay elsewhere—in engineering and technology. The notebooks are full of drawings and designs for all kinds of inventions—from calculating machines to tanks, from parachutes to helicopters. If his pioneering work on anatomy is also taken into consideration, we can easily see why Leonardo is considered one of the greatest geniuses of all time. He is not only an outstanding artist, but also a great scientist.

          Born in 1452, Leonardo was given only a rudimentary education in his early age. After ten years in the workshop of the artist Verrocchio, he set up as a freelance artist. Some of his works have survived, and reveal a stunning combination of technical skills with very careful observation. His works also reveal an emerging fascination with technology, with technical drawings of equipment of all kinds.

          Leonardo was particularly fascinated by the technology of warfare. At this time, Florence was at war with the Pope, and Leonardo realized that this was an opportunity to make use of his new inventions for better guns and other military equipment. However, the war ended before anything could come of his plan and he returned to his painting.

          At the age of thirty, he left his home town and eventually moved to Milan, where he spent seventeen years under the patronage of Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. Here he continued to combine his scientific and technological work with his painting, which was of perspective and proportion. During this period, he painted The Last Supper and developed his ideas for chemical weapons and flame-throwers.

          When Sforza was driven from power by the French, Leonardo returned to Florence and spent four years working for Cesare Borgia as an engineer and military architect. He now became fascinated with flight. He studied birds for clues about how to fly and drew sketches of machines resembling helicopters.

          In 1506, he returned to Milan and became increasingly focused on science. He began to study human anatomy and the circulation of blood. He also drew up a comprehensive guide to the working of living creatures.

          He died at Amboise in France, where he was welcomed by King Francois I. He continued to do the occasional sketch, a few designs and plans for buildings, but most of his time was devoted to sorting out his scientific papers.

          Only twenty-one of his dozens of notebooks survive. Just seventeen paintings have been ascribed to him with certainty, and some of those are unfinished. Leonardo may not have achieved the perfection that he aspired to but he came closer to it in more fields than anyone before or since.

Write an outline: Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it. 

​The Human Brain

​     For centuries, people wondered about how the human brain works. Researchers were particularly concerned about its structure and functions. It was not long ago that scientists made the remarkable discovery that our brains are divided into two halves—left brain and right brain, and that each half has separate features and roles.

     The left brain is said to be the logical brain. It is the left brain that we use to solve mathematical problems and go think logically. For example, if you are asked how to make coffee, this is what happens. Your left brain begins to work; it searches its files for information on coffee making. If it finds the files, it begins relating what to do step by step. If it does not find any record, it says it does not know.

     The right brain is often called the creative brain. It has the function of thinking creatively. This contains all the artistic functions, including art and music appreciation. When you want to draw a picture or compose a piece of music or write poetry, it is the right brain that is in operation. When you come across a new situation in your life, your right brain gives ideas on how to tackle it.

     To some people, the left brain is dominant and to others, the right brain is. Of people who are good in mathematics and language expression—that is, putting into practice what they have learnt, we say that they are more left-brained. They are not very sensitive and believe in doing everything only after reasoning. They are very sharp at arguments. They are the type who will not believe in anything until they see it. Right-brained people are more artistic and have a good sense of music appreciation. They are also more sensitive and tend to be emotional. They are more open to new ideas and are willing to accept radical positions.

     Is the left brain better or the right brain? Both sides of the brain are equally important. In an ideal situation, a person should be exactly equal in both sides of the brain. However, as in most things, the ideal never happens. People are dominated by one or the other side of their brains. In order to function effectively in the world, we must learn to use both sides of the brain. In many situations that we meet in the world, there will be requirements for both sides of the brain to work together as partners. For example, when you want to write a story, which brain do you use? The answer is both brains. You need the right brain to think of the ideas and you need the left side to arrange everything in a logical sequence. You cannot go through life with only one side functioning. 

     It’s fundamentally important for people to know these interesting facts about the human brains. However, many aspects concerning our brains still remain unknown. With scientists’ persistent efforts, more secrets of the human brain will be revealed. 

Write and outline: Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.

Write an outline: Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.

Write an outline. Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it .

下面的提纲，属于哪种提纲？（）

I. Main causes of air pollution Automobiles Industry Rubbish 

A.  Automobiles

B.  Industry

C. Rubbish

Write an outline
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.

Read the following passage carefully and compose a TOPIC OUTLINE for it

          Since the middle of the 1990s, the ability to communicate electronically has expanded dramatically. Electronic communication is changing how people relate to one another. However, one thing remains constant: these new forms of communication are not face to face. They are distant, and they keep people at a distance. In my opinion, due to electronic communication, relationships today are changing for the worse; they have become fragmented, superficial, and anonymous.
          Communication these days is becoming a process of exchanging messages of two or three words. There is no longer time for serious and deep reflection. For example, in most countries, sending a text message via a cell phone is much cheaper than talking on that phone, so people send each other silly messages like “RU ready?” or “4 sure. ” The language of Shakespeare and Milton has become reduced to abbreviations. With Instant Messenger(IM), people send each other emoticons such as a smiley face instead of sentences. In addition, since Instant Messenger depends on who has the fastest connection, there cannot be real communication. There is no give-and-take. These fragmented messages are not true communication.
          The current ability to relate to one another electronically is largely textual; that is, people read messages from each other. Blogs, or Web logs, have become the way to communicate. However, anyone, anywhere can create a blog, and they can write anything they want. There are millions of blogs being produced. It seems that everyone wants to shout, “Hey, here I am ! This is me!”, but no one really listens. No one responds. Another reason why relationships are becoming more superficial is the spread of e-mail. Because they are overwhelmed by spam in addition to real messages, people just skim what they see and either make a rapid, thoughtless response or ignore it completely. No one reads e-mail messages carefully because there are just too many of them.
          Finally, while one great advantage of the World Wide Web is that it is anonymous, this is also its major disadvantage. Anyone can pretend to be anyone. For example, a sixteen-year-old high school student could say that he is a twenty-three-year-old college graduate, and the person reading his blog or profile would never know. This type of anonymity can also put internet users at risk. There are many news stories about a criminal convincing a teenager to meet him at a coffee shop or a mall. The teenager agrees to meet her internet friend because she thinks she is meeting another teenager. The Web knows no one; a person can invent an identity. It’s clear that there can be no real communication when it’s so easy for someone to remain anonymous.
          In short, electronic communication has multiple advantages, but it also has disadvantages. This new form of communication makes people lonelier because they don’t make real and meaningful connections. The communication; is fragmented and superficial, and it is not always honest because of the ability to be anonymous. Fewer silly messages and more face-to-face communication would make us better people, I think.

Write an outline: 

Read the following passage carefully and compose a“topic outline”for it.

Write an outline:Read the following passage carefully and compose a ‘‘topic outline’’ for it．

Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.