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Biological Clock 

      When the sun rises on a warm and sunny day, you can see some flowers open up. When they close late in the afternoon, other flowers open.
      Biological rhythms（生物节律）, like the opening and closing of flowers, happen all over nature. But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our heart , happen every second.  

     Scientists use the term biological clock to describe the timing that controls biological rhythms.  In some animals it is probably controlled by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else. 

     The migration of animals happens when a signal is sent out. For example, when days become shorter, birds leave the northern parts of the world and fly south where it is warm.  

     Humans also have biological clocks that control their daily rhythms. When people travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internal clocks don’t seem to work correctly. We call this jet lag（时差）.  People who work night shifts also have problems with their biological clocks. They may not be as active as people who work during the daytime. 

     Biological clocks control many rhythms of life. Doctors are looking for new ways to make traveling more comfortable and medical treatment more effective .

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        A region’s natural resources determine the way of life of its people.  On the other hand, poor soil will either send people looking for better places, or attract people with other purposes for the land, such as setting up businesses or factories.

         People who wish to make a living as fishermen can do so by the ocean, but cannot do so in the desert. Desert people have many traditional and unique foods, which cannot be found in the forest. Each area attracts people based on their interests and purposes.
        Areas that have rich water resources will naturally have more people. Traditionally, villages, towns and cities built near water have been the most successful. People there are able to use the water resources to meet their daily needs.  Places that are hard to reach, such as high mountains or dry deserts, will have fewer people living in them.

         For too long, people have destroyed natural resources, using up those resources that cannot be easily replaced. On the earth, we are lucky to have many resources that are renewable, such as sun, wind, water, and trees. As more and more focus is placed on the use of renewable resources, it will become easier to protect our planet from further harm.

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     A world like no other — perhaps this is the best way to describe the world of the rainforest. No rainforest is the same — yet most rainforests can be found in the small land area 22.5 degrees north and 22.5 degrees south of the Equator（赤道）. Other rainforests exist further from the Equator, in Thailand and Sri Lanka.  

      They are home to a rich variety of plants, birds and animals. Can you believe that 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare（公顷） of rainforest? These forests have around 50％ of all the plants, birds and animals on earth. 

     The tall trees make a huge umbrella of branches and leaves which protect themselves smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, dry heat from the sun and strong winds.  Scientists think this is a way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects（昆虫）. To live in the forest, animals must climb, jump, or fly across the branches and trees. The ground floor of the forest is not all leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where leaves become food for the trees and other forest life.  

     A few thousand years ago, rain forests covered as much as 12％ of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 5. 3%. We hope that the world governments work together with scientists to use their power and knowledge to keep the rainforests for our existence.

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     Why are so few of us left-handed? One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could be a result of genetics. Scientists say that there are two genes (基因) associated with handedness. One is the D gene. It is more frequent in the population and promotes (促成) right-hand preference.  It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand. When the C gene is present, there is a 50% chance that a person could be right-or left-handed.  

       If the left half is more powerful, then one is most likely right-handed. But with left-handers, it is more complicated. Seventy percent of them are also left-brain dominant (占优势的). The other 30% have right-side dominant brains.  

        But not all of the myths about left-handers are bad. One myth suggests that they are more creative and smarter than the right-handers. So far scientific research has yet to find any truth to these claims.   

       Life might be a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a piece of paper or opening a bottle of wine. However, it seems to be a good sign if you are trying to make it to the White House.

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       While Americans smile freely at strangers, in Russia this is considered strange and even impolite. In Asian countries a smile isn’t necessarily an expression of joy but it can be used to express pain.  

      In Latin America and the Middle East the acceptable distance is much shorter than what most Europeans and Americans feel comfortable with. Hand and arm movements as a form of body language are also very different among countries. Handshakes are usually acceptable almost everywhere, even between strangers; however, kissing on the cheek and touching on the shoulder or other body parts aren’t.  This is why you should not touch others easily.  

      In America and Latin America looking the other person in the eye is a sign of respect. But in Asian countries, prolonged eye contact is especially rude, so you should try your best not to do that. 

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     In the past, I always thought that being a teacher was an easy job. But I changed my ​             when I became a part-time teacher. About four years ago, Richard asked me whether I could help teach his students how to make a website about themselves. 
     I ​             because computer is what I do well and I didn't think teaching computer would be that hard. 
     But when I taught Richard's class, some of the students chatted with their friends while I was ​             how to do something. At first I just got angry with them, but Richard taught me to think why they were doing this. He said that if he was teaching a ​             and the students were not listening, then he was              with himself for not making the lesson clear or            for them. I told him that I didn't              his idea. He then asked me if I had ever done the same thing. That made me stop. Of course I had！ 
     If any of my past teachers are reading this, I want to say sorry if I sometimes played around in the class when you were teaching. I didn't think how that would make you feel. I             I will do my best to be a good student in the future. Please help us when we don't understand and most             , don' t be quick to be angry when we fail. None of us are perfect but with your help we can be             .

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     Brighton is a popular seaside town on the south coast of England. Not long ago, some policemen were very             . There had been several serious accidents              by motorists driving too fast. The police started to set up a speed trap(速度监视器). They measured a              of 88 yards on a straight road and watched to see how long a car took to travel that far. They knew that if a car took six seconds, it was traveling faster than the              limit of 30 miles an hour. 
     When the policemen were ready, they hid behind a hedge (树篱) and started to time passing cars. During their first half an hour, they              five drivers. The policemen wrote down the number of each car and the name and              of the driver. But for the next half an hour the policemen didn’t see anybody driving too fast. They              that this was very strange. One of them drove a quarter of a mile along the road and saw two students              on the grass. They were holding up a sheet of cupboard so that              could see it. On the notice one of the students had written:"Danger. Speed trap. " 
     The policemen took the notice away and wrote down the names of the students. Later on they were each fined £5 for trying to stop the police catching motorists who were             the law.  

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     A job interview is your chance to show an employer that you are the person they really want to hire. Your verbal(口头的) communication will get a good result here--how you speak is often just as important as what you say. Even if you understand the importance of effective verbal communication, have you  the fact that your body might be letting you down during that all-important interview? 

     Before your first word, interviewers have already  their first impression of you. Paying attention to and controlling your body language will help make that first impression a more  one. 

     The whole process can be divided into two phases, namely, the pre-interview and the interview. In the pre-interview, you should walk into the interview room , and shake hands with interviewers firmly when invited to do so. When  to sit down, it's better to choose a chair allowing you and the interviewers to see each other clearly. After that, you should make a sitting posture(姿势) in a relaxed manner and  up straight in your chair. 

     During the interview, it is important to give the interviewers all equal time in terms of non-verbal interaction. Look at whoever is speaking and nod to show your  of what they say. Pay attention to the body language of your interviewers as well. If they shake their heads or lean back in their seats and fold their arms, which might be a  that you've done something boring. If you see any signs of unhappiness, it's time to quickly  your interview style.

     Offering a quick service is a sure way to make money in the States. . One of the biggest of them, Federal Express, will deliver a computer disk in just a few hours to a forgetful businessman who left his bag behind. And if anyone wants to say “I’m sorry,” or “I love you,”or “Happy birthday,” Roseland Express will send a dozen fresh roses anywhere in the U.S.A. within twelve hours. 

     Not everyone in the States likes speed, though. . The Amish people in Pennsylvania and the Midwest still use the clock in the eighteenth century. They still live in the unhurried style of those days, refusing to use cars, telephones, televisions, or any other modern invention. In their historical clothes and horse-drawn carriages, they are living reminders of the slower life of earlier times. 

     Few Americans live in such peace as the Amish people enjoy. . Nearly half the population moves at least once every five years, and some more often than that. Most people move to a suburb or town nearby, but many pack all their furniture and belongs and move to the other side of America. A girl who has grown up in Chicago might study in New York, and find her first job in Philadelphia. She might move to California to look for better work, marry a man from Des Moines, and move back to near his family in Iowa. At last, when her children have grown up, she might get tired of the cold winters and retire to Florida to spend her old age sitting in the sun. 

     . By this time next year, he might have moved to Maryland, or Michigan, or Minnesota.

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     Language skills are believed to develop best in the first three years when the place is rich with sounds and sights. Scientists say children should hear the speech and language of other people again and again. 

    By that time, a baby usually begins to make sounds. . By 18 months of age, most children can say between eight and ten words. By two years of age, most children are able to make simple sentences.  It is at these ages that children begin to understand the rules of language. 

填词补文。
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       While Americans smile freely at strangers, in Russia this is considered strange and even impolite. In Asian countries a smile isn’t necessarily an expression of joy but it can be used to express pain.  

      In Latin America and the Middle East the acceptable distance is much shorter than what most Europeans and Americans feel comfortable with. Hand and arm movements as a form of body language are also very different among countries. Handshakes are usually acceptable almost everywhere, even between strangers; however, kissing on the cheek and touching on the shoulder or other body parts aren’t.  This is why you should not touch others easily.  

      In America and Latin America looking the other person in the eye is a sign of respect. But in Asian countries, prolonged eye contact is especially rude, so you should try your best not to do that. 

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        Physical activity also makes people look and feel good. Activity burns more calories（卡路里）than just sitting.  In addition, regular exercise can make your muscles and bones stronger.

        There are many factors to look at when you select a new physical activity. The most important is to choose something you enjoy. If you like jumping rope, that is the activity you should do.  In fact, two days of basketball, three days of swimming, and two days of bicycling can be more fun than jogging every day.

          Some skills will improve with practice while others may always be difficult for you. If you enjoy an activity, feel free to do it. No one cares whether you can do it well or not, and you don't need to care about it either.

         Whatever activity you choose, remain active. It can make you physically fit and healthy for life.

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     Some insects imitate other insects or creatures. If a harmless insect looks like a harmful insect or creature, predators stay away. Result: 
     This works the other way, too. A harmful insect can look like a harmless one and surprise its prey. Result: The harmful insect gets food to eat, and so it survives.
     This is called camouflage (伪装). It helps an insect to look like other things around it. That way is hard for other insects or creatures to see the insect. You must look very carefully to find a camouflaged insect. A camouflaged insect seems to be almost invisible. 

     Camouflage can be helpful in two ways.  Or a camouflaged prey becomes almost invisible, and its predator will not see it and attack it. 

     Some insects look like other things in nature, such as twigs (树枝) or leaves.  For disguise to work, the insect stays very still for hours at a time. 

      Some insects look like dead leaves, tree bark (the outer covering of a tree), beautiful flowers, or something else in nature. These disguises are critical to their survival.

      Jin is a girl who suffers from this disease.  She thinks she is better looking than her friends and most people she has met. It is, as far as she is concerned, a well-known fact that she dresses better, sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too. 

      So is Jin justified in believing that she is better than everyone else? Of course, she thinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous of her. She is good at sports, but she isn't the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any of their school’s events.  She, again, thinks it was because of the “haters”. After losing, she pretended she’d just run for fun and it was no big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her. 

       Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and get a little modesty.  She might even get rid of this disease if she tries hard enough.

填句补文

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     The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent.  Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat. 
     They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production.  But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. 
     Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.